Abstract
This paper describes the effects of the fungicides Benlate, Aliette and Ridomil on plant growth and on mycorrhizal development in onion plants. An attempt was made to distinguish effects on plants from those on the fungus by making comparisons between mycorrhizal plants in the absence of added phosphorus and non-mycorrhizal equivalent size plants. Vital staining techniques were used to analyse the effects of the fungicides on the living fungus both within the root and in the soil. Benlate had no effect on shoot dry weight or root length of onion plants whereas a reduction in plant growth was observed following the application of Aliette or Ridomil, in comparison to control plants. Benlate had negative effects on the numbers of living internal hyphae, arbuscules, fungal-plant interface and living external hyphae in the soil. Aliette had no effect on the number of living intercellular hyphae and arbuscules. However, it markedly reduced the root length and the length of infected root per plant. These combined effects led to a reduction in the area of the interface between fungus and plant. The length of external hyphae per gram of soil was reduced following the application of Aliette, though not as severely as with Benlate. Ridomil had more complex effects on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis; treated plants showed a reduction in plant growth and also a reduction in all fungal parameters, namely the number of living intercellular hyphae, arbuscules and fungal-plant interface, the length of infected root and the development of external hyphae in the soil.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Benlate did not affect onion shoot dry weight or root length.
- Taxon
- onion plants
Allium cepae0 - Treatment
- Benlatee0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weight or root lengthe0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Benlate had no effect on shoot dry weight or root length of onion plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Aliette reduced onion plant growth versus controls.
- Taxon
- onion plantsAllium cepae1
- Treatment
- Aliettee0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a reduction in plant growth was observed following the application of Aliette or Ridomil, in comparison to control plants”
e1“mycorrhizal development in onion plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ridomil reduced onion plant growth versus controls.
- Taxon
- onion plantsAllium cepae1
- Treatment
- Ridomile0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a reduction in plant growth was observed following the application of Aliette or Ridomil, in comparison to control plants”
e1“mycorrhizal development in onion plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Benlate negatively affected living internal hyphae, arbuscules and fungal-plant interface.
- Taxon
- onion plantsAllium cepae1
- Treatment
- Benlatee0
- Interactor
- funguse2symbiont
- Outcome
- numbers of living internal hyphae, arbuscules, fungal-plant interfacee0
- Direction
- negative effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Benlate had negative effects on the numbers of living internal hyphae, arbuscules, fungal-plant interface and living external hyphae in the soil”
e1“mycorrhizal development in onion plants.”
e2“the fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
Benlate negatively affected living external fungal hyphae in soil.
- Taxon
- onion plantsAllium cepae1
- Treatment
- Benlatee0
- Interactor
- funguse2symbiont
- Outcome
- living external hyphae in the soile0
- Direction
- negative effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Benlate had negative effects on the numbers of living internal hyphae, arbuscules, fungal-plant interface and living external hyphae in the soil”
e1“mycorrhizal development in onion plants.”
e2“the fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
Aliette did not affect living intercellular hyphae or arbuscules.
- Taxon
- onion plantsAllium cepae1
- Treatment
- Aliettee0
- Interactor
- funguse2symbiont
- Outcome
- number of living intercellular hyphae and arbusculese0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aliette had no effect on the number of living intercellular hyphae and arbuscules”
e1“mycorrhizal development in onion plants.”
e2“the fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
Aliette markedly reduced root length and length of infected root per plant.
- Taxon
- onion plantsAllium cepae2
- Treatment
- Aliettee1
- Interactor
- funguse3symbiont
- Outcome
- root length and the length of infected root per plante0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it markedly reduced the root length and the length of infected root per plant”
e1“Aliette had no effect”
e2“mycorrhizal development in onion plants.”
e3“the fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
Aliette reduced the fungal-plant interface area.
- Taxon
- onion plantsAllium cepae2
- Treatment
- Aliettee1
- Interactor
- funguse0symbiont
- Outcome
- area of the interface between fungus and plante0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These combined effects led to a reduction in the area of the interface between fungus and plant”
e1“Aliette had no effect”
e2“mycorrhizal development in onion plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Aliette reduced external hyphal length per gram of soil, less severely than Benlate.
- Taxon
- onion plantsAllium cepae1
- Treatment
- Aliettee0
- Interactor
- funguse2symbiont
- Outcome
- length of external hyphae per gram of soile0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- Benlatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The length of external hyphae per gram of soil was reduced following the application of Aliette, though not as severely as with Benlate”
e1“mycorrhizal development in onion plants.”
e2“the fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
Ridomil reduced living intercellular hyphae, arbuscules and fungal-plant interface.
- Taxon
- onion plantsAllium cepae1
- Treatment
- Ridomile0
- Interactor
- funguse2symbiont
- Outcome
- number of living intercellular hyphae, arbuscules and fungal-plant interfacee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ridomil had more complex effects on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis; treated plants showed a reduction in plant growth and also a reduction in all fungal parameters, namely the number of living intercellular hyphae, arbuscules and fungal-plant interface, the length of infected root and the development of external hyphae in the soil”
e1“mycorrhizal development in onion plants.”
e2“the fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
Ridomil reduced infected root length and external hyphae development.
- Taxon
- onion plantsAllium cepae1
- Treatment
- Ridomile0
- Interactor
- funguse2symbiont
- Outcome
- length of infected root and the development of external hyphae in the soile0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ridomil had more complex effects on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis; treated plants showed a reduction in plant growth and also a reduction in all fungal parameters, namely the number of living intercellular hyphae, arbuscules and fungal-plant interface, the length of infected root and the development of external hyphae in the soil”
e1“mycorrhizal development in onion plants.”
e2“the fungus”
The same questions in other papers
benomyl · growth · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.