Abstract
Under NaCl-dominated salt stress, the key to plant survival is maintaining a low cytosolic Na(+) level or Na(+)/K(+) ratio. The OsHKT1, OsHKT2, and OsVHA transporter genes might play important roles in maintaining cytosolic Na(+) homeostasis in rice (Oryza sativa L. indica cvs Pokkali and BRRI Dhan29). Upon NaCl stress, the OsHKT1 transcript was significantly down-regulated in salt-tolerant cv. Pokkali, but not in salt-sensitive cv. BRRI Dhan29. NaCl stress induced the expression of OsHKT2 and OsVHA in both Pokkali and BRRI Dhan29. In cv. Pokkali, OsHKT2 and OsVHA transcripts were induced immediately after NaCl stress. However, in cv. BRRI Dhan29, the induction of OsHKT2 was quite low and of OsVHA was low and delayed, compared with that in cv. Pokkali. OsHKT2 and OsVHA induction mostly occurred in the phloem, in the transition from phloem to mesophyll cells, and in the mesophyll cells of the leaves. The vacuolar area in cv. Pokkali did not change under either short- (5-10 min) or long-term (24 h) salt stress, although it significantly increased 24 h after the stress in cv. BRRI Dhan29. When expressional constructs of VHA-c and VHA-a with YFP and CFP were introduced into isolated protoplasts of cvs Pokkali and BRRI Dhan29, the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency between VHA-c and VHA-a upon salt stress decreased slightly in cv. Pokkali, but increased significantly in cv. BRRI Dhan29. The results suggest that the salt-tolerant cv. Pokkali regulates the expression of OsHKT1, OsHKT2, and OsVHA differently from how the salt-sensitive cv. BRRI Dhan29 does. Together, these proteins might confer salt tolerance in Pokkali by maintaining a low cytosolic Na(+) level and a correct ratio of cytosolic Na(+)/K(+).
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl significantly down-regulated OsHKT1 in Pokkali.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Material
- Pokkalie0
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse0
- Gene
- OsHKT1e0
- Outcome
- OsHKT1 transcripte0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Upon NaCl stress, the OsHKT1 transcript was significantly down-regulated in salt-tolerant cv. Pokkali, but not in salt-sensitive cv. BRRI Dhan29.”
e1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl did not down-regulate OsHKT1 in BRRI Dhan29.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- BRRI Dhan29e0
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse0
- Gene
- OsHKT1e0
- Outcome
- OsHKT1 transcripte0
- Direction
- but note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Upon NaCl stress, the OsHKT1 transcript was significantly down-regulated in salt-tolerant cv. Pokkali, but not in salt-sensitive cv. BRRI Dhan29.”
e1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl induced OsHKT2 in both rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse0
- Gene
- OsHKT2e0
- Outcome
- expression of OsHKT2e0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress induced the expression of OsHKT2 and OsVHA in both Pokkali and BRRI Dhan29.”
e1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl induced OsVHA in both rice cultivars.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress induced the expression of OsHKT2 and OsVHA in both Pokkali and BRRI Dhan29.”
e1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Pokkali induced OsHKT2 immediately after NaCl stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- Pokkalie0
- Gene
- OsHKT2e0
- Outcome
- OsHKT2e0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Qualifier
- immediately after NaCl stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In cv. Pokkali, OsHKT2 and OsVHA transcripts were induced immediately after NaCl stress.”
e1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Pokkali induced OsVHA immediately after NaCl stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- Pokkalie0
- Gene
- OsVHAe0
- Outcome
- OsVHA transcriptse0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Qualifier
- immediately after NaCl stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In cv. Pokkali, OsHKT2 and OsVHA transcripts were induced immediately after NaCl stress.”
e1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
BRRI Dhan29 OsHKT2 induction was quite low compared with Pokkali.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- BRRI Dhan29e0
- Gene
- OsHKT2e0
- Outcome
- induction of OsHKT2e0
- Direction
- quite lowe0
- Comparator
- Pokkalie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in cv. BRRI Dhan29, the induction of OsHKT2 was quite low and of OsVHA was low and delayed, compared with that in cv. Pokkali.”
e1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
BRRI Dhan29 OsVHA induction was low and delayed.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- BRRI Dhan29e0
- Gene
- OsVHAe0
- Outcome
- OsVHAe0
- Direction
- low and delayede0
- Comparator
- Pokkalie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in cv. BRRI Dhan29, the induction of OsHKT2 was quite low and of OsVHA was low and delayed, compared with that in cv. Pokkali.”
e1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsHKT2 and OsVHA induction occurred mostly in leaf phloem and mesophyll.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- phloeme0
- Gene
- OsHKT2 and OsVHAe0
- Outcome
- OsHKT2 and OsVHA inductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OsHKT2 and OsVHA induction mostly occurred in the phloem, in the transition from phloem to mesophyll cells, and in the mesophyll cells of the leaves.”
e1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Pokkali vacuolar area did not change under short or long salt stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- Pokkalie0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- vacuolar areae0
- Direction
- did not changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The vacuolar area in cv. Pokkali did not change under either short- (5-10 min) or long-term (24 h) salt stress”
e1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
BRRI Dhan29 vacuolar area significantly increased at 24 hours after salt stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- BRRI Dhan29e0
- Treatment
- stresse0
- Outcome
- vacuolar areae2
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 24 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it significantly increased 24 h after the stress in cv. BRRI Dhan29.”
e1“rice”
e2“The vacuolar area”
Claim · model-written summary
VHA-c and VHA-a FRET efficiency decreased slightly under salt stress in Pokkali.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- Pokkalie0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Gene
- VHA-c and VHA-ae0
- Outcome
- fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiencye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency between VHA-c and VHA-a upon salt stress decreased slightly in cv. Pokkali, but increased significantly in cv. BRRI Dhan29.”
e1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
VHA-c and VHA-a FRET efficiency increased significantly under salt stress in BRRI Dhan29.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- BRRI Dhan29e0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Gene
- VHA-c and VHA-ae0
- Outcome
- fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency between VHA-c and VHA-a upon salt stress decreased slightly in cv. Pokkali, but increased significantly in cv. BRRI Dhan29.”
e1“rice”
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