Effects of chicken manure as component of organic production on yield and quality of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) fruits.

Abstract

Afield experiment was carried out at the College of Agricultural Studies Sudan University of Sciences and Technology farm at Shambat for three successive seasons to determine the effect of different levels of chicken manure and mineral fertilizers on yield and quality of eggplant fruits. Chicken manure showed a significant effect on eggplant yield. Fruit tissue analysis showed that 20m chicken manure had significant greater levels of total N%, NH4-N%, NO3-N% and no significant differences between treatments in nutrients P, K, Ca and Mg, but they are greater levels in chicken manure treatments and less Na. INTRODUCTION: Eggplant is a warm season crop. It requires a long and warm season for successful production. It is susceptible to lower temperatures than tomato and pepper. A day temperature of 25-32C and night temperature 21-27C are ideal for eggplant production (htt.eni.wikpedia.org.wiki eggplant). Comparatively it is a hardy crop; it can tolerate drought and heavy rainfall. However, it is advisable to select a dry climate or at least a season with low air humidity which discourages fruit rot and other diseases. Furthermore good soil and adequate fertilization are essential. Eggplant can be grown on different kinds of soil but does best on well drained silt loams or clay loams with pH 5.5-6.5 soil types (htt.eni.wikpedia.org.wiki eggplant). Organic farming is a production system which avoids or largely excludes the use of synthetically compounded fertilizers, pesticides, growth regulators and live stock feed additives. To the maximum extent feasible, organic farming system rely on crop rotation, crop residue animal manures, legumes, green manures, of farm organic waste and aspects of biological pest control to maintain soil productivity and tilth, to supply plant nutrients and control insects, weeds and pests. Certified organic products are those which have been produced, stored, processed, handled and marketed in accordance with precise technical specifications (standards) and certified as organics by certification body. Lampkin (1990) reported that greater quality of nitrogen taken by plant would be in the form of NH4-N in organic farming. Moreover Schuphen, (1975) (1976), ElSaidy (1982), Fisher and Richter (1986), Lairon (1986) Abele (1987), Bulling etal. (1987) and Badawi etal (2005) and Abou El Magd etal. (2008) found that manure increased nutrient content of the leaves and fruits (N, P and K) and Na content was lowered by organic manuring. To asses the effect of chicken manure on nutrient content of eggplant. To compare between chicken manure and Urea + superphosphate on nutrient of eggplant. To specify suitable dose of chicken manure for eggplant

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