Abstract
Plant immunization for resistance against a wide variety of phytopathogens is an effective strategy for plant disease management. Seventy-nine plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPFs) were isolated from rhizosphere soil of India. Among them, nine revealed saprophytic ability, root colonization, phosphate solubilization, IAA production, and plant growth promotion. Seed priming with four PGPFs exhibited early seedling emergence and enhanced vigour of a tomato cultivar susceptible to the bacterial wilt pathogen compared to untreated controls. Under greenhouse conditions, TriH_JSB27 and PenC_JSB41 treatments remarkably enhanced the vegetative and reproductive growth parameters. Maximum NPK uptake was noticed in TriH_JSB27-treated plants. A significant disease reduction of 57.3% against Ralstonia solanacearum was observed in tomato plants pretreated with TriH_JSB27. Furthermore, induction of defence-related enzymes and genes was observed in plants pretreated with PGPFs or inoculated with pathogen. The maximum phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity (111U) was observed at 24h in seedlings treated with TriH_JSB27 and this activity was slightly reduced (99U) after pathogen inoculation. Activities of peroxidase (POX, 54U) and β-1,3-glucanase (GLU, 15U) were significantly higher in control plants inoculated with pathogen after 24h and remained constant at all time points. A similar trend in gene induction for PAL was evident in PGPFs-treated tomato seedlings with or without pathogen inoculation, whereas POX and GLU were upregulated in control plus pathogen-inoculated tomato seedlings. These results determine that the susceptible tomato cultivar is triggered after perception of potent PGPFs to synthesize PAL, POX, and GLU, which activate defence resistance against bacterial wilt disease, thereby contributing to plant health improvement.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Nine isolated fungi had saprophytic, root-colonizing, phosphate-solubilizing, IAA-producing and growth-promoting traits.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Outcome
- plant growth promotione0
- Value
- ninee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among them, nine revealed saprophytic ability, root colonization, phosphate solubilization, IAA production, and plant growth promotion”
t0“Characterization of rhizosphere fungi that mediate resistance in tomato against bacterial wilt disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming with four fungi advanced seedling emergence and increased vigour relative to untreated controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Seed priming with four PGPFse0
- Outcome
- early seedling emergence and enhanced vigoure0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- untreated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed priming with four PGPFs exhibited early seedling emergence and enhanced vigour of a tomato cultivar susceptible to the bacterial wilt pathogen compared to untreated controls”
t0“Characterization of rhizosphere fungi that mediate resistance in tomato against bacterial wilt disease”
Claim · model-written summary
TriH_JSB27 improved vegetative and reproductive growth in a greenhouse.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- TriH_JSB27e0
- Outcome
- vegetative and reproductive growth parameterse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under greenhouse conditions, TriH_JSB27 and PenC_JSB41 treatments remarkably enhanced the vegetative and reproductive growth parameters”
t0“Characterization of rhizosphere fungi that mediate resistance in tomato against bacterial wilt disease”
Claim · model-written summary
PenC_JSB41 improved vegetative and reproductive growth in a greenhouse.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PenC_JSB41e0
- Outcome
- vegetative and reproductive growth parameterse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under greenhouse conditions, TriH_JSB27 and PenC_JSB41 treatments remarkably enhanced the vegetative and reproductive growth parameters”
t0“Characterization of rhizosphere fungi that mediate resistance in tomato against bacterial wilt disease”
Claim · model-written summary
TriH_JSB27 gave maximum NPK uptake.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- TriH_JSB27-treatede0
- Outcome
- NPK uptakee0
- Direction
- Maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum NPK uptake was noticed in TriH_JSB27-treated plants”
t0“Characterization of rhizosphere fungi that mediate resistance in tomato against bacterial wilt disease”
Claim · model-written summary
TriH_JSB27 pretreatment reduced Ralstonia solanacearum disease by 57.3%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- pretreated with TriH_JSB27e0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearume0pathogen - Outcome
- disease reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 57.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant disease reduction of 57.3% against Ralstonia solanacearum was observed in tomato plants pretreated with TriH_JSB27”
t0“Characterization of rhizosphere fungi that mediate resistance in tomato against bacterial wilt disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal pretreatment or pathogen inoculation induced defence enzymes and genes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- pretreated with PGPFs or inoculated with pathogene0
- Outcome
- defence-related enzymes and genese0
- Direction
- inductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“induction of defence-related enzymes and genes was observed in plants pretreated with PGPFs or inoculated with pathogen”
t0“Characterization of rhizosphere fungi that mediate resistance in tomato against bacterial wilt disease”
Claim · model-written summary
TriH_JSB27 treatment produced maximum PAL activity of 111U at 24h.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- treated with TriH_JSB27e0
- Outcome
- phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activitye0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 111Ue0
- Qualifier
- at 24he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity (111U) was observed at 24h in seedlings treated with TriH_JSB27”
t0“Characterization of rhizosphere fungi that mediate resistance in tomato against bacterial wilt disease”
Claim · model-written summary
PAL activity fell to 99U after pathogen inoculation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- pathogen inoculatione0
- Outcome
- activitye0
- Direction
- slightly reducede0
- Value
- 99Ue0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this activity was slightly reduced (99U) after pathogen inoculation”
t0“Characterization of rhizosphere fungi that mediate resistance in tomato against bacterial wilt disease”
Claim · model-written summary
POX activity reached 54U and was significantly higher in pathogen-inoculated controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- inoculated with pathogene0
- Outcome
- peroxidase (POXe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 54Ue0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Activities of peroxidase (POX, 54U) and β-1,3-glucanase (GLU, 15U) were significantly higher in control plants inoculated with pathogen after 24h”
t0“Characterization of rhizosphere fungi that mediate resistance in tomato against bacterial wilt disease”
Claim · model-written summary
GLU activity reached 15U and was significantly higher in pathogen-inoculated controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- inoculated with pathogene0
- Outcome
- β-1,3-glucanase (GLUe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 15Ue0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Activities of peroxidase (POX, 54U) and β-1,3-glucanase (GLU, 15U) were significantly higher in control plants inoculated with pathogen after 24h”
t0“Characterization of rhizosphere fungi that mediate resistance in tomato against bacterial wilt disease”
Claim · model-written summary
PAL gene induction occurred in fungus-treated seedlings with or without pathogen inoculation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PGPFs-treatede0
- Gene
- PALe0
- Outcome
- gene inductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A similar trend in gene induction for PAL was evident in PGPFs-treated tomato seedlings with or without pathogen inoculation”
t0“Characterization of rhizosphere fungi that mediate resistance in tomato against bacterial wilt disease”
Claim · model-written summary
POX and GLU were upregulated in pathogen-inoculated controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- pathogen-inoculatede0
- Gene
- POX and GLUe0
- Outcome
- upregulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“POX and GLU were upregulated in control plus pathogen-inoculated tomato seedlings”
t0“Characterization of rhizosphere fungi that mediate resistance in tomato against bacterial wilt disease”
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