Abstract
Previous studies on cold-triggered events leading to Ca2+ influx during cold acclimatization have been conducted on either unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis or plant cell suspensions, and used transcript levels of cold-induced genes as end-point markers. Whether the results of these studies are valid for intact plants or their organs is not known. Here we examine cold signaling in transgenic Brassica napus seedlings carrying, in addition to the endogenous cold-inducible BN115 gene, the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene placed under control of the BN115 promoter. The activity of BN115 promoter was monitored at the transcriptional and translational levels by determining accumulation of BN115 transcripts and by histochemical assay of GUS activity. Cold-activation of BN115 was strongly inhibited by the membrane fluidizer benzyl alcohol, but mimicked at 25 degrees C by the membrane rigidifier dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The cold induction of BN115 was also inhibited by stabilizers of microtubules and actin microfilaments, taxol and jasplakinolide, respectively, but was mimicked at 25 degrees C by microtubule destabilizer oryzalin or colchicine, or by microfilament destabilizer latrunculin B. Gd3+ or ruthenium red prevented the cold activation of BN115, but Ca2+ ionophore A23187 or cyclic ADP-ribose activated it at 25 degrees C. Inhibitors of tyrosine kinases, protein kinase C and phosphoinositide kinases prevented the cold activation of BN115, but inhibitors of protein phosphatases (PP) 1 and 2 A activated BN115 at 25 degrees C. Constitutively expressed GUS activity in another transgenic line of the same cultivar of B. napus, was not affected by cold or any of the chemical treatments used in the experimentation. Activation of BN115 at 25 degrees C by DMSO, Ca2+ ionophore, cADPR, and by inhibitors of PP1 and 2A was accompanied by an increased freezing tolerance. It was concluded that the cold-activation of BN115 requires membrane rigidification, cytoskeleton reorganization, Ca2+ influx and action of several types of protein kinases.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Benzyl alcohol inhibited cold activation of BN115.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napust0 - Treatment
- benzyl alcohole0
- Gene
- BN115e0
- Outcome
- Cold-activation of BN115e0
- Direction
- strongly inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Cold-activation of BN115 was strongly inhibited by the membrane fluidizer benzyl alcohol”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
DMSO mimicked cold activation of BN115 at 25 degrees C.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)e0
- Gene
- BN115e1
- Outcome
- Cold-activation of BN115e1
- Direction
- mimickede0
- Qualifier
- 25 degrees Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mimicked at 25 degrees C by the membrane rigidifier dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)”
e1“Cold-activation of BN115 was strongly inhibited by the membrane fluidizer benzyl alcohol”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Taxol inhibited cold induction of BN115.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- taxole0
- Gene
- BN115e0
- Outcome
- cold induction of BN115e0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cold induction of BN115 was also inhibited by stabilizers of microtubules and actin microfilaments, taxol and jasplakinolide, respectively”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Jasplakinolide inhibited cold induction of BN115.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- jasplakinolidee0
- Gene
- BN115e0
- Outcome
- cold induction of BN115e0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cold induction of BN115 was also inhibited by stabilizers of microtubules and actin microfilaments, taxol and jasplakinolide, respectively”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Oryzalin mimicked cold induction of BN115 at 25 degrees C.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- oryzaline0
- Gene
- BN115e1
- Outcome
- cold induction of BN115e1
- Direction
- mimickede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mimicked at 25 degrees C by microtubule destabilizer oryzalin or colchicine”
e1“The cold induction of BN115 was also inhibited by stabilizers of microtubules and actin microfilaments, taxol and jasplakinolide, respectively”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Colchicine mimicked cold induction of BN115 at 25 degrees C.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- colchicinee0
- Gene
- BN115e1
- Outcome
- cold induction of BN115e1
- Direction
- mimickede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mimicked at 25 degrees C by microtubule destabilizer oryzalin or colchicine”
e1“The cold induction of BN115 was also inhibited by stabilizers of microtubules and actin microfilaments, taxol and jasplakinolide, respectively”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Latrunculin B mimicked cold induction of BN115 at 25 degrees C.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- latrunculin Be0
- Gene
- BN115e1
- Outcome
- cold induction of BN115e1
- Direction
- mimickede2
- Qualifier
- microfilament destabilizere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“by microfilament destabilizer latrunculin B”
e1“The cold induction of BN115 was also inhibited by stabilizers of microtubules and actin microfilaments, taxol and jasplakinolide, respectively”
e2“but was mimicked at 25 degrees C by microtubule destabilizer oryzalin or colchicine”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Gd3+ prevented cold activation of BN115.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- Gd3+e0
- Gene
- BN115e0
- Outcome
- cold activation of BN115e0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gd3+ or ruthenium red prevented the cold activation of BN115”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Ruthenium red prevented cold activation of BN115.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- ruthenium rede0
- Gene
- BN115e0
- Outcome
- cold activation of BN115e0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gd3+ or ruthenium red prevented the cold activation of BN115”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca2+ ionophore A23187 activated BN115 at 25 degrees C.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- Ca2+ ionophore A23187e0
- Gene
- BN115e1
- Outcome
- BN115e1
- Direction
- activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ca2+ ionophore A23187 or cyclic ADP-ribose activated it at 25 degrees C”
e1“Cold-activation of BN115 was strongly inhibited by the membrane fluidizer benzyl alcohol”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyclic ADP-ribose activated BN115 at 25 degrees C.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- cyclic ADP-ribosee0
- Gene
- BN115e1
- Outcome
- BN115e1
- Direction
- activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ca2+ ionophore A23187 or cyclic ADP-ribose activated it at 25 degrees C”
e1“Cold-activation of BN115 was strongly inhibited by the membrane fluidizer benzyl alcohol”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors prevented cold activation of BN115.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- Inhibitors of tyrosine kinasese0
- Gene
- BN115e0
- Outcome
- cold activation of BN115e0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inhibitors of tyrosine kinases, protein kinase C and phosphoinositide kinases prevented the cold activation of BN115”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein kinase C inhibitors prevented cold activation of BN115.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- protein kinase Ce0
- Gene
- BN115e0
- Outcome
- cold activation of BN115e0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inhibitors of tyrosine kinases, protein kinase C and phosphoinositide kinases prevented the cold activation of BN115”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphoinositide kinase inhibitors prevented cold activation of BN115.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- phosphoinositide kinasese0
- Gene
- BN115e0
- Outcome
- cold activation of BN115e0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inhibitors of tyrosine kinases, protein kinase C and phosphoinositide kinases prevented the cold activation of BN115”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein phosphatase 1 and 2A inhibitors activated BN115 at 25 degrees C.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- inhibitors of protein phosphatases (PP) 1 and 2 Ae0
- Gene
- BN115e0
- Outcome
- BN115e0
- Direction
- activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inhibitors of protein phosphatases (PP) 1 and 2 A activated BN115 at 25 degrees C”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Constitutive GUS activity was unaffected by cold and the tested chemicals.
- Taxon
- B. napusBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- cold or any of the chemical treatmentse0
- Gene
- GUSe0
- Outcome
- Constitutively expressed GUS activitye0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Constitutively expressed GUS activity in another transgenic line of the same cultivar of B. napus, was not affected by cold or any of the chemical treatments used in the experimentation”
Claim · model-written summary
DMSO increased freezing tolerance at 25 degrees C.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- DMSOe0
- Gene
- BN115e0
- Outcome
- freezing tolerancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 25 degrees Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Activation of BN115 at 25 degrees C by DMSO, Ca2+ ionophore, cADPR, and by inhibitors of PP1 and 2A was accompanied by an increased freezing tolerance”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca2+ ionophore increased freezing tolerance at 25 degrees C.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- Ca2+ ionophoree0
- Gene
- BN115e0
- Outcome
- freezing tolerancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Activation of BN115 at 25 degrees C by DMSO, Ca2+ ionophore, cADPR, and by inhibitors of PP1 and 2A was accompanied by an increased freezing tolerance”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
cADPR increased freezing tolerance at 25 degrees C.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- cADPRe0
- Gene
- BN115e0
- Outcome
- freezing tolerancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Activation of BN115 at 25 degrees C by DMSO, Ca2+ ionophore, cADPR, and by inhibitors of PP1 and 2A was accompanied by an increased freezing tolerance”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
PP1 and 2A inhibitors increased freezing tolerance at 25 degrees C.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- inhibitors of PP1 and 2Ae0
- Gene
- BN115e0
- Outcome
- freezing tolerancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Activation of BN115 at 25 degrees C by DMSO, Ca2+ ionophore, cADPR, and by inhibitors of PP1 and 2A was accompanied by an increased freezing tolerance”
t0“Brassica napus”
The same questions in other papers
cold · molecular: expression · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.