Abstract
To understand the impact of residue and tillage management on crop productivity of rice and barley (including grain yield) and soil fertility in a tropical dryland agro-ecosystem, the following six treatments were established: (a) conventional tillage and residue removed (CT−R); (b) conventional tillage and residue retained (CT+R); (c) minimum tillage and residue removed (MT−R); (d) minimum tillage and residue retained (MT+R); (e) zero tillage and residue removed (ZT−R); and (f) zero tillage and residue retained (ZT+R). Minimum total net productivity (TNP) in both barley (the winter season crop) and rice (the rainy season crop) was recorded in the ZT−R treatment and the maximum in the MT+R treatment. In these crops, 83–88% of TNP was represented by above-ground net productivity (ANP). A reduction in tillage, from conventional to zero, especially when combined with residue retention, reduced the crop TNP/weed TNP ratio, reflecting the abundance of weeds with zero tillage. In both crops, minimum tillage increased grain yields, compared with conventional, but zero tillage resulted in reduced yields. Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) and N-mineralization rates were higher in rice than in barley, and were maximum in the MT+R treatment. Crop productivity and grain yield in different treatments were positively correlated with MBC, MBN, N-mineralization rate and available-N. Strong negative correlations between crop productivity and grain yield with weed TNP and N-uptake were recorded. This study suggests that retention of a small fraction (one-third) of above-ground biomass from the previous crop and its incorporation in the soil through minimum tillage enhances the crop productivity and grain yield of succeeding crops and promotes soil fertility in a cereal based tropical dryland agro-ecosystem.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
barley total net productivity was lowest under ZT−R and highest under MT+R.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- ZT−R treatmente0
- Outcome
- total net productivity (TNP)e0
- Direction
- Minimume0
- Qualifier
- maximume0
- Comparator
- MT+R treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Minimum total net productivity (TNP) in both barley (the winter season crop) and rice (the rainy season crop) was recorded in the ZT−R treatment and the maximum in the MT+R treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
rice total net productivity was lowest under ZT−R and highest under MT+R.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- ZT−R treatmente0
- Outcome
- total net productivity (TNP)e0
- Direction
- Minimume0
- Qualifier
- maximume0
- Comparator
- MT+R treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Minimum total net productivity (TNP) in both barley (the winter season crop) and rice (the rainy season crop) was recorded in the ZT−R treatment and the maximum in the MT+R treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Above-ground net productivity accounted for 83–88% of total net productivity in barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- above-ground net productivity (ANP)e0
- Value
- 83–88%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In these crops, 83–88% of TNP was represented by above-ground net productivity (ANP).”
e1“barley (the winter season crop) and rice (the rainy season crop)”
Claim · model-written summary
Above-ground net productivity accounted for 83–88% of total net productivity in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- above-ground net productivity (ANP)e0
- Value
- 83–88%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In these crops, 83–88% of TNP was represented by above-ground net productivity (ANP).”
e1“barley (the winter season crop) and rice (the rainy season crop)”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing tillage from conventional to zero, especially with residue retention, reduced the crop to weed productivity ratio.
- Treatment
- zeroe0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- crop TNP/weed TNP ratioe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- conventionale0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“A reduction in tillage, from conventional to zero, especially when combined with residue retention, reduced the crop TNP/weed TNP ratio, reflecting the abundance of weeds with zero tillage.”
Claim · model-written summary
barley grain yield increased with minimum tillage relative to conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- minimum tillagee0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- conventionale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both crops, minimum tillage increased grain yields, compared with conventional, but zero tillage resulted in reduced yields.”
e1“barley (the winter season crop) and rice (the rainy season crop)”
Claim · model-written summary
barley grain yield reduced with zero tillage relative to conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- zero tillagee0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- conventionale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both crops, minimum tillage increased grain yields, compared with conventional, but zero tillage resulted in reduced yields.”
e1“barley (the winter season crop) and rice (the rainy season crop)”
Claim · model-written summary
rice grain yield increased with minimum tillage relative to conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- minimum tillagee0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- conventionale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both crops, minimum tillage increased grain yields, compared with conventional, but zero tillage resulted in reduced yields.”
e1“barley (the winter season crop) and rice (the rainy season crop)”
Claim · model-written summary
rice grain yield reduced with zero tillage relative to conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- zero tillagee0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- conventionale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both crops, minimum tillage increased grain yields, compared with conventional, but zero tillage resulted in reduced yields.”
e1“barley (the winter season crop) and rice (the rainy season crop)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and N-mineralization were higher for rice than barley and peaked under MT+R.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- MT+R treatmente0
- Outcome
- Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) and N-mineralization ratese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- barleye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) and N-mineralization rates were higher in rice than in barley, and were maximum in the MT+R treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and N-mineralization were higher for rice than barley and peaked under MT+R.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- MT+R treatmente0
- Outcome
- Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) and N-mineralization ratese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) and N-mineralization rates were higher in rice than in barley, and were maximum in the MT+R treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop productivity and grain yield were positively correlated with soil microbial biomass and nitrogen availability.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- different treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Crop productivity and grain yielde0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
- Qualifier
- MBC, MBN, N-mineralization rate and available-Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crop productivity and grain yield in different treatments were positively correlated with MBC, MBN, N-mineralization rate and available-N.”
e1“crop productivity of rice and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop productivity and grain yield were negatively correlated with weed productivity and nitrogen uptake.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- crop productivity and grain yielde0
- Direction
- negative correlationse0
- Qualifier
- weed TNP and N-uptakee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strong negative correlations between crop productivity and grain yield with weed TNP and N-uptake were recorded.”
e1“crop productivity of rice and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend retaining one-third of prior crop biomass and incorporating it by minimum tillage to improve succeeding crop productivity, grain yield, and soil fertility.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- retention of a small fraction (one-third) of above-ground biomass from the previous crop and its incorporation in the soil through minimum tillagee0
- Value
- one-thirde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study suggests that retention of a small fraction (one-third) of above-ground biomass from the previous crop and its incorporation in the soil through minimum tillage enhances the crop productivity and grain yield of succeeding crops and promotes soil fertility in a cereal based tropical dryland agro-ecosystem.”
e1“crop productivity of rice and barley”
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