Abstract
To evaluate the effect of salinity (S) and vermicompost (V) on yield and concentration of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) of spinach shoots cv. Virofly, a pot experiment was conducted in greenhouse, and arranged as factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments included three V levels (0, 1 and 2%, w/w) and four S levels (0, 1, 2 and 3 g NaCl per kg soil). Electrical conductivity of the soil for these four S levels was 0.7, 4.5, 8 and 11.5 dS/m, respectively. Results showed that the highest yield of spinach shoots was obtained in 10% V treatment. Application of sodium chloride (NaCl) had no significant effect on shoot yield. Therefore, under the present experimental conditions, S threshold level for Viroflay cultivar was at least 11.5 dS/m, which is much higher than the level reported in literature for spinach (2 dS/m). Application of V increased concentration of N, P, K, Fe and Mg in spinach shoots, but decreased concentration of Mn, Zn, Cu, Ca, Na and Cl. Application of NaCl had no significant effect on the concentration of P, Fe, Mn, Ca and Mg. But, with the addition of NaCl, concentration of N, Zn, Cu, Na and Cl was increased in spinach shoots. In the absence of NaCl, application of V had no significant effect on Na concentration, but increased Cl concentration. Whereas, at 3 g NaCl level, application of V significantly decreased Na and Cl concentrations of shoots, compared to the application of NaCl alone. Therefore, application of V not only can increase plant growth, but also could be an effective solution to mitigate the negative effects of high concentrations of Na and Cl on growth of spinach, cv. Virofly, in saline soils.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Highest shoot yield occurred with 10% vermicompost.
- Taxon
- spinach
Spinacia oleraceae0 - Treatment
- 10% V treatmente0
- Outcome
- yield of spinach shootse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest yield of spinach shoots was obtained in 10% V treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl had no significant effect on shoot yield.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- sodium chloride (NaCl)e0
- Outcome
- shoot yielde0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of sodium chloride (NaCl) had no significant effect on shoot yield”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
The salinity threshold for Viroflay was at least 11.5 dS/m.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Material
- Viroflay cultivare0
- Outcome
- S threshold levele0
- Value
- at least 11.5 dS/me0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S threshold level for Viroflay cultivar was at least 11.5 dS/m”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
V increased shoot N, P and K concentrations.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- Ve0
- Outcome
- concentration of N, P, Ke0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of V increased concentration of N, P, K, Fe and Mg in spinach shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
V increased shoot Fe and Mg concentrations.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- Ve0
- Outcome
- Fe and Mge0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of V increased concentration of N, P, K, Fe and Mg in spinach shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
V decreased shoot Mn, Zn and Cu concentrations.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- Ve0
- Outcome
- concentration of Mn, Zn, Cue0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of V increased concentration of N, P, K, Fe and Mg in spinach shoots, but decreased concentration of Mn, Zn, Cu, Ca, Na and Cl”
Claim · model-written summary
V decreased shoot Ca, Na and Cl concentrations.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- Ve0
- Outcome
- Ca, Na and Cle0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of V increased concentration of N, P, K, Fe and Mg in spinach shoots, but decreased concentration of Mn, Zn, Cu, Ca, Na and Cl”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl had no significant effect on shoot P, Fe and Mn concentrations.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- concentration of P, Fe, Mne0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of NaCl had no significant effect on the concentration of P, Fe, Mn, Ca and Mg”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl had no significant effect on shoot Ca and Mg concentrations.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- Ca and Mge0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of NaCl had no significant effect on the concentration of P, Fe, Mn, Ca and Mg”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl increased shoot N, Zn and Cu concentrations.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- concentration of N, Zn, Cue0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the addition of NaCl, concentration of N, Zn, Cu, Na and Cl was increased in spinach shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl increased shoot Na and Cl concentrations.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- Na and Cle0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the addition of NaCl, concentration of N, Zn, Cu, Na and Cl was increased in spinach shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Without NaCl, V had no significant effect on shoot Na concentration.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- Ve0
- Outcome
- Na concentratione0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
- Qualifier
- absence of NaCle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the absence of NaCl, application of V had no significant effect on Na concentration”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Without NaCl, V increased shoot Cl concentration.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- Ve0
- Outcome
- Cl concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- absence of NaCle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the absence of NaCl, application of V had no significant effect on Na concentration, but increased Cl concentration”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
At 3 g NaCl, V significantly decreased shoot Na and Cl concentrations versus NaCl alone.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- application of Ve0
- Outcome
- Na and Cl concentrations of shootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- 3 g NaCl levele0
- Comparator
- application of NaCl alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 3 g NaCl level, application of V significantly decreased Na and Cl concentrations of shoots, compared to the application of NaCl alone”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded V can increase plant growth.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- application of Ve0
- Outcome
- increase plant growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of V not only can increase plant growth”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed V to mitigate excess Na and Cl effects on spinach growth in saline soils.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Outcome
- mitigate the negative effects of high concentrations of Na and Cl on growthe0
- Setting
- saline soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“could be an effective solution to mitigate the negative effects of high concentrations of Na and Cl on growth of spinach, cv. Virofly, in saline soils”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · yield · Spinacia oleracea (spinach)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
sodium chloride · molecular: metabolites · Spinacia oleracea (spinach)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →sodium chloride · nutrient: content · Spinacia oleracea (spinach)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.