Abstract
Agricultural nitrous oxide (N2O) pollution resulting from the use of synthetic fertilizers represents a significant contribution to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, providing a rationale for reduced use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers. Nitrogen limitation results in extensive systems rebalancing that remodels metabolism and defence processes. To analyse the regulation underpinning these responses, barley (Horedeum vulgare) seedlings were grown for 7 d under N-deficient conditions until net photosynthesis was 50% lower than in N-replete controls. Although shoot growth was decreased there was no evidence for the induction of oxidative stress despite lower total concentrations of N-containing antioxidants. Nitrogen-deficient barley leaves were rich in amino acids, sugars and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. In contrast to N-replete leaves one-day-old nymphs of the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) failed to reach adulthood when transferred to N-deficient barley leaves. Transcripts encoding cell, sugar and nutrient signalling, protein degradation and secondary metabolism were over-represented in N-deficient leaves while those associated with hormone metabolism were similar under both nutrient regimes with the exception of mRNAs encoding proteins involved in auxin metabolism and responses. Significant similarities were observed between the N-limited barley leaf transcriptome and that of aphid-infested Arabidopsis leaves. These findings not only highlight significant similarities between biotic and abiotic stress signalling cascades but also identify potential targets for increasing aphid resistance with implications for the development of sustainable agriculture.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Net photosynthesis under nitrogen deficiency was 50% lower than in nitrogen-replete controls.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- N-deficient conditionse0
- Outcome
- net photosynthesise0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Comparator
- N-replete controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“barley (Horedeum vulgare) seedlings were grown for 7 d under N-deficient conditions until net photosynthesis was 50% lower than in N-replete controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen deficiency decreased barley shoot growth.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen deficiencyt1
- Outcome
- shoot growthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot growth was decreased”
t0“barley”
t1“Nitrogen deficiency in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
There was no evidence of oxidative stress induction under nitrogen deficiency.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen deficiencyt0
- Outcome
- no evidence for the induction of oxidative stresse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no evidence for the induction of oxidative stress”
t0“Nitrogen deficiency in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen deficiency lowered total N-containing antioxidants.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen deficiencyt0
- Outcome
- total concentrations of N-containing antioxidantse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower total concentrations of N-containing antioxidants”
t0“Nitrogen deficiency in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen-deficient barley leaves were rich in amino acids, sugars and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- rich in amino acids, sugars and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen-deficient barley leaves were rich in amino acids, sugars and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates”
Claim · model-written summary
Green peach aphid nymphs failed to reach adulthood on N-deficient barley leaves, unlike on N-replete leaves.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- N-deficient barley leavese0
- Interactor
- Myzus persicae
Myzus persicaee0pest - Outcome
- nymphs of the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) failed to reach adulthoode0
- Comparator
- N-replete leavese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast to N-replete leaves one-day-old nymphs of the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) failed to reach adulthood when transferred to N-deficient barley leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcripts for cell, sugar and nutrient signalling, protein degradation and secondary metabolism were over-represented in N-deficient leaves.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- Transcripts encoding cell, sugar and nutrient signalling, protein degradation and secondary metabolisme0
- Direction
- over-representede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcripts encoding cell, sugar and nutrient signalling, protein degradation and secondary metabolism were over-represented in N-deficient leaves”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Hormone metabolism transcripts were similar across nutrient regimes, except auxin-related mRNAs.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- those associated with hormone metabolisme0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- with the exception of mRNAs encoding proteins involved in auxin metabolism and responsese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those associated with hormone metabolism were similar under both nutrient regimes with the exception of mRNAs encoding proteins involved in auxin metabolism and responses”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The N-limited barley transcriptome showed significant similarity to the aphid-infested Arabidopsis transcriptome.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- Significant similaritiese0
- Comparator
- aphid-infested Arabidopsis leavese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant similarities were observed between the N-limited barley leaf transcriptome and that of aphid-infested Arabidopsis leaves”
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This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
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This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
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See all 31 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.