Abstract
On the way from the roots to the seeds during reproductive development in soybean (Glycine max), a large proportion of the minerals pass through the leaves rather than travelling directly via the xylem. This direct and indirect movement of mineral nutrients has important implications for mineral redistribution, seed development and leaf senescence. Therefore, we have studied the role of cytokinin and mineral flux from the roots in regulating mineral redistribution from the leaves to the seeds using explants, i.e. a leaf, a pod and a subtending stem segment, with their bases immersed in treatment solutions. Thus, defined solutions containing cytokinin and/or minerals can be substituted for the roots. When explants (excised at early-mid podfill) are supplied H2O only, leaf N, P, K, Mo, Mg, Zn, Fe, B, Cu, Ca, and Mn decline, ranging from 93% for Mo to 38% for Fe. In explants on H2O, N, P, K, Mo, Mg, Zn, and Fe appear to be redistributed from the leaves to the seeds, while the B, Cu, Ca, and Mn lost from the leaves do not seem to move to the seeds. Although a mixture of minerals resembling xylem sap can delay net loss of these elements from the leaves, it does not prevent the decreases. The cytokinin zeatin (4.6 μM) inhibits the loss of N, IC, Mo, Mg, Zn, Fe, B, Cu, Ca, and Mn from the leaves, but not that of P. When combined with minerals, zeatin not only prevents the loss of the minerals from the leaves but may even greatly increase them with the possible exception of Zn, Fe, and Cu. Supplying the mineral nutrient mixture increases the quantities of N, P, K, Mg, Cu, and B in the seeds but not Zn, Fe, Mn, Ca, and Mo. For those minerals, especially N, where zeatin inhibits efflux from the leaves, it may reduce the amounts in the seeds, but it does not change P, K, Mg, and Ca. The accumulation and redistribution patterns of the different mineral nutrients show many dissimilarities thereby suggesting differences in the control of their distribution.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
On water alone, leaf minerals declined by 38% to 93%.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- H2O onlye0
- Outcome
- leaf N, P, K, Mo, Mg, Zn, Fe, B, Cu, Ca, and Mne0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Value
- 93% for Mo to 38% for Fee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When explants (excised at early-mid podfill) are supplied H2O only, leaf N, P, K, Mo, Mg, Zn, Fe, B, Cu, Ca, and Mn decline, ranging from 93% for Mo to 38% for Fe.”
e1“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
N, P, K, Mo, Mg, Zn, and Fe appeared to move from leaves to seeds on water alone.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- leaves to the seedse0
- Treatment
- H2Oe0
- Outcome
- N, P, K, Mo, Mg, Zn, and Fee0
- Direction
- redistributede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In explants on H2O, N, P, K, Mo, Mg, Zn, and Fe appear to be redistributed from the leaves to the seeds,”
e1“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
B, Cu, Ca, and Mn lost from leaves did not appear to move to seeds.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- B, Cu, Ca, and Mne0
- Direction
- do not seem to movee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the B, Cu, Ca, and Mn lost from the leaves do not seem to move to the seeds.”
e1“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
A xylem-sap-like mineral mix delayed but did not prevent leaf mineral loss.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- mixture of minerals resembling xylem sape0
- Outcome
- net loss of these elements from the leavese0
- Direction
- delaye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although a mixture of minerals resembling xylem sap can delay net loss of these elements from the leaves, it does not prevent the decreases.”
e1“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zeatin inhibited leaf loss of N, IC, Mo, Mg, Zn, Fe, B, Cu, Ca, and Mn, but not P.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- zeatin (4.6 μM)e0
- Outcome
- loss of N, IC, Mo, Mg, Zn, Fe, B, Cu, Ca, and Mn from the leavese0
- Direction
- inhibitse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cytokinin zeatin (4.6 μM) inhibits the loss of N, IC, Mo, Mg, Zn, Fe, B, Cu, Ca, and Mn from the leaves, but not that of P.”
e1“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zeatin did not inhibit phosphorus loss from leaves.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- zeatin (4.6 μM)e0
- Outcome
- that of Pe0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cytokinin zeatin (4.6 μM) inhibits the loss of N, IC, Mo, Mg, Zn, Fe, B, Cu, Ca, and Mn from the leaves, but not that of P.”
e1“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zeatin with minerals prevented leaf mineral loss and could greatly increase levels, possibly excepting Zn, Fe, and Cu.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- combined with minerals, zeatine0
- Outcome
- minerals from the leavese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- possible exception of Zn, Fe, and Cue0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When combined with minerals, zeatin not only prevents the loss of the minerals from the leaves but may even greatly increase them with the possible exception of Zn, Fe, and Cu.”
e1“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
The mineral mixture increased seed quantities of N, P, K, Mg, Cu, and B.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- mineral nutrient mixturee0
- Outcome
- quantities of N, P, K, Mg, Cu, and B in the seedse0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplying the mineral nutrient mixture increases the quantities of N, P, K, Mg, Cu, and B in the seeds but not Zn, Fe, Mn, Ca, and Mo.”
e1“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
The mineral mixture did not increase seed Zn, Fe, Mn, Ca, or Mo.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- mineral nutrient mixturee0
- Outcome
- Zn, Fe, Mn, Ca, and Moe0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplying the mineral nutrient mixture increases the quantities of N, P, K, Mg, Cu, and B in the seeds but not Zn, Fe, Mn, Ca, and Mo.”
e1“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zeatin may reduce seed minerals whose leaf efflux it inhibits, especially N.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- zeatine0
- Outcome
- amounts in the seedse0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Qualifier
- especially Ne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For those minerals, especially N, where zeatin inhibits efflux from the leaves, it may reduce the amounts in the seeds,”
e1“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zeatin did not change seed P, K, Mg, or Ca.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- zeatine1
- Outcome
- P, K, Mg, and Cae0
- Direction
- does not changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but it does not change P, K, Mg, and Ca.”
e1“zeatin inhibits efflux from the leaves”
e2“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Different mineral nutrients showed dissimilar accumulation and redistribution patterns.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- accumulation and redistribution patternse0
- Direction
- dissimilaritiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The accumulation and redistribution patterns of the different mineral nutrients show many dissimilarities”
e1“soybean (Glycine max)”
The same questions in other papers
zeatin · nutrient: content · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.