Abstract
The concentration of polyphenolic compounds, such as flavanols and anthocyanins, and the antioxidant activity in apples (Malus domestica Borkh) seem to differ with cultivar, maturity stage, environmental conditions and the part of the fruit. In this work, the total phenolic, flavanol and anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity were measured in the flesh, whole fruit and peel from apple cultivars Fuji, Epagri COOP24 and Epagri F5P283 cultivated in Southern Brazil. Total phenolic content assayed by Folin-Ciocalteu method, flavanol by modified p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde method, anthocyanin content by pH differential method and antioxidant activity measured using ABTS assay. One-way analysis of variance, Tukey's test and correlation analysis were performed. Within each cultivar, the total phenolic, flavanol and anthocyanin contents and antioxidant activity were highest in the peels, followed by the whole fruit and the flesh. In the peel, whole fruit and flesh the Epagri F5P283 apple had the highest total phenolic contents and the highest total antioxidant activity, while that Epagri COOP24 was highest in flavanols and anthocyanins. Total phenolic content was positively associated with total antioxidant activity in flesh, whole fruit and peel. These results demonstrate that phenolic compounds have a significant contribution to the total antioxidant activity which varies considerably depending of the part of the fruit and of the apple cultivar analyzed.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
total phenolic was highest in peel, intermediate in whole fruit, and lowest in flesh within each cultivar.
Verbatim
e0“Within each cultivar, the total phenolic, flavanol and anthocyanin contents and antioxidant activity were highest in the peels, followed by the whole fruit and the flesh.”
Claim · model-written summary
flavanol was highest in peel, intermediate in whole fruit, and lowest in flesh within each cultivar.
Verbatim
e0“Within each cultivar, the total phenolic, flavanol and anthocyanin contents and antioxidant activity were highest in the peels, followed by the whole fruit and the flesh.”
Claim · model-written summary
anthocyanin was highest in peel, intermediate in whole fruit, and lowest in flesh within each cultivar.
Verbatim
e0“Within each cultivar, the total phenolic, flavanol and anthocyanin contents and antioxidant activity were highest in the peels, followed by the whole fruit and the flesh.”
Claim · model-written summary
antioxidant activity was highest in peel, intermediate in whole fruit, and lowest in flesh within each cultivar.
Verbatim
e0“Within each cultivar, the total phenolic, flavanol and anthocyanin contents and antioxidant activity were highest in the peels, followed by the whole fruit and the flesh.”
Claim · model-written summary
Epagri F5P283 had the highest total phenolic contents across peel, whole fruit and flesh.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Material
- Epagri F5P283e0
- Organ / stage
- peel, whole fruit and fleshe0
- Outcome
- total phenolic contentse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the peel, whole fruit and flesh the Epagri F5P283 apple had the highest total phenolic contents and the highest total antioxidant activity, while that Epagri COOP24 was highest in flavanols and anthocyanins.”
Claim · model-written summary
Epagri F5P283 had the highest total antioxidant activity across peel, whole fruit and flesh.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Epagri F5P283e0
- Organ / stage
- peel, whole fruit and fleshe0
- Outcome
- total antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the peel, whole fruit and flesh the Epagri F5P283 apple had the highest total phenolic contents and the highest total antioxidant activity, while that Epagri COOP24 was highest in flavanols and anthocyanins.”
Claim · model-written summary
Epagri COOP24 had the highest flavanols across peel, whole fruit and flesh.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Epagri COOP24e0
- Organ / stage
- peel, whole fruit and fleshe0
- Outcome
- flavanolse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the peel, whole fruit and flesh the Epagri F5P283 apple had the highest total phenolic contents and the highest total antioxidant activity, while that Epagri COOP24 was highest in flavanols and anthocyanins.”
Claim · model-written summary
Epagri COOP24 had the highest anthocyanins across peel, whole fruit and flesh.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Epagri COOP24e0
- Organ / stage
- peel, whole fruit and fleshe0
- Outcome
- anthocyaninse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the peel, whole fruit and flesh the Epagri F5P283 apple had the highest total phenolic contents and the highest total antioxidant activity, while that Epagri COOP24 was highest in flavanols and anthocyanins.”
Claim · model-written summary
Total phenolic content was positively associated with antioxidant activity across flesh, whole fruit and peel.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- flesh, whole fruit and peele0
- Compound
- Total phenolic contente0
- Outcome
- total antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- positivelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total phenolic content was positively associated with total antioxidant activity in flesh, whole fruit and peel.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret phenolic compounds as contributing significantly to total antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Compound
- phenolic compoundse0
- Outcome
- total antioxidant activitye0
- Qualifier
- significant contributione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results demonstrate that phenolic compounds have a significant contribution to the total antioxidant activity which varies considerably depending of the part of the fruit and of the apple cultivar analyzed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Total antioxidant activity varied considerably by fruit part and apple cultivar.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- apple cultivare0
- Organ / stage
- part of the fruite0
- Outcome
- total antioxidant activitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results demonstrate that phenolic compounds have a significant contribution to the total antioxidant activity which varies considerably depending of the part of the fruit and of the apple cultivar analyzed.”