Abstract
Modest increases in the concentration of medicarpin, 6-fold in leaves and 4-fold in roots, were observed in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seedlings treated with 1 mM metal salts for 72 h. However, medicarpin-3-O-glucoside-6"-O-malonate (MGM) and formononetin-7-O-glucoside-6"-O-malonate (FGM) levels were up to 50-fold lower in metal-treated compared to control roots. Approximately 10% of the "missing" conjugates could be accounted for in the root treatment solution, where FGM and MGM transiently accumulated prior to their hydrolysis. Time-course studies revealed that total isoflavonoid content (roots plus solution) increased slightly after CuCl2 treatment, whereas the levels of FGM and MGM increased rapidly in alfalfa roots immersed in water. This increase was reduced by aeration. The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase inhibitor L-[alpha]-aminooxy-[beta]-phenylpropionic acid was used to show that immersion of the roots reduced conjugate rates of degradation, which explains their accumulation. In contrast, conjugate rates of degradation were elevated in CuCl2-treated roots, with 50% of the increase being due to hydrolysis. Up to 90% of formononetin and medicarpin produced in response to CuCl2 treatment arose via conjugate hydrolysis. Our results demonstrate that both immersion/anaerobiosis and abiotic elicitation modify isoflavonoid metabolism in alfalfa, and that metal-stimulated accumulation of phytoalexins may arise through the release from preformed stores rather than de novo synthesis.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Metal salts increased medicarpin sixfold in leaves and fourfold in roots.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Organ / stage
- leaves and 4-fold in rootse0
- Treatment
- 1 mM metal saltse0
- Outcome
- concentration of medicarpine0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 6-fold in leaves and 4-fold in rootse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Modest increases in the concentration of medicarpin, 6-fold in leaves and 4-fold in roots, were observed in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seedlings treated with 1 mM metal salts for 72 h.”
Claim · model-written summary
Metal treatment lowered MGM and FGM levels in roots by up to 50-fold.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- metal-treatede0
- Outcome
- medicarpin-3-O-glucoside-6"-O-malonate (MGM) and formononetin-7-O-glucoside-6"-O-malonate (FGM) levelse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- up to 50-folde0
- Comparator
- control rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“medicarpin-3-O-glucoside-6"-O-malonate (MGM) and formononetin-7-O-glucoside-6"-O-malonate (FGM) levels were up to 50-fold lower in metal-treated compared to control roots”
t0“Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
About 10% of the missing conjugates accumulated transiently in root treatment solution before hydrolysis.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- "missing" conjugatese0
- Value
- Approximately 10%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Approximately 10% of the "missing" conjugates could be accounted for in the root treatment solution, where FGM and MGM transiently accumulated prior to their hydrolysis.”
t0“Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total root and solution isoflavonoids increased slightly after CuCl2 treatment.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- CuCl2 treatmente0
- Outcome
- total isoflavonoid content (roots plus solution)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total isoflavonoid content (roots plus solution) increased slightly after CuCl2 treatment”
t0“Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water immersion rapidly increased FGM and MGM in alfalfa roots.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- immersed in watere0
- Outcome
- levels of FGM and MGMe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“levels of FGM and MGM increased rapidly in alfalfa roots immersed in water”
Claim · model-written summary
Aeration reduced the immersion-associated increase in root FGM and MGM.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- aeratione0
- Outcome
- levels of FGM and MGMe1
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This increase was reduced by aeration.”
e1“levels of FGM and MGM increased rapidly in alfalfa roots immersed in water”
Claim · model-written summary
Root immersion reduced conjugate degradation rates, explaining accumulation.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- immersion of the rootse0
- Outcome
- conjugate rates of degradatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“immersion of the roots reduced conjugate rates of degradation, which explains their accumulation.”
t0“Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CuCl2 elevated root conjugate degradation rates, with hydrolysis accounting for half of the increase.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- CuCl2-treatede0
- Outcome
- conjugate rates of degradatione0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Value
- 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“conjugate rates of degradation were elevated in CuCl2-treated roots, with 50% of the increase being due to hydrolysis.”
t0“Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Conjugate hydrolysis supplied up to 90% of formononetin and medicarpin produced after CuCl2 treatment.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- CuCl2 treatmente0
- Outcome
- formononetin and medicarpin producede0
- Value
- Up to 90%e0
- Qualifier
- conjugate hydrolysise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Up to 90% of formononetin and medicarpin produced in response to CuCl2 treatment arose via conjugate hydrolysis.”
t0“Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · molecular: metabolites · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.