Abstract
The field experiments were conducted at Agronomy Farm of Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir during 2009 and 2010, to study the Nutritional yield and economics response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) grown under varying levels of nitrogen, sulphur and farmyard manure. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three nitrogen levels (40, 80 and 120 kg/ha), two sulphur levels (30 and 60 kg/ ha) and three FYM levels (0, 10 and 20 t/ha) having 18 treatment combinations with three replications. The plots were given uniform recommended dose of phosphorus and potassium through diammonium phosphate and muriate of potash at the rate of 60 and 40 kg P2O5 and K2O /ha, respectively. The soil of the experimental field was silty clay loam in texture, low in available nitrogen and sulphur, high in organic carbon, medium in available phosphorus and potassium with neutral pH. The plant height, leaf area index and dry matter production recorded significant and consistent increase with increase in nitrogen rates from 40 to 120 kg/ ha. Nitrogen rates of 80 and 120 kg/ha at par with one another, significantly increased the total number of achenes/capitulum, number of filled achenes/capitulum and 1000-seed weight over 40 kg N/ha. The luxurious seed yield (2.5 tonnes/ha) was recorded with 120 kg N/ha which remained at par with 80 kg N/ha (2.4 t/ha) and net returns (Rs. 53793), B:C (2.1) ratio was higher with 120 kg N/ha. Application of 60 kg S/ha recorded maximum seed yield (2.42 tonnes/ ha) and net returns (Rs. 49115). Same dose of treatment also recorded higher oil content and oil yield. Application of FYM @ 10 and 20 t/ha improved seed yield up to the tune of 9 and 15% over no application, respectively. With net returns of Rs. 49093 FYM @ 10 t/ha proved more profitable. Available nitrogen recorded was highest with treatment combination 120 kg N+60 kg S+20 t FYM/ha and lowest with 40 kg N+30 kg S+0 t FYM/ha. Similar trend was observed for available sulphur.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jas.v8i1.5373The Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2013, vol.8, no 1 p.17-27
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height, leaf area index and dry matter production of sunflower significantly increased with nitrogen rates from 40 to 120 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- nitrogen rates from 40 to 120 kg/ hae1
- Outcome
- plant height, leaf area index and dry matter productione1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Comparator
- nitrogen rates from 40e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to study the Nutritional yield and economics response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e1“The plant height, leaf area index and dry matter production recorded significant and consistent increase with increase in nitrogen rates from 40 to 120 kg/ ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen at 80 and 120 kg/ha significantly increased achene number per capitulum, filled achene number per capitulum and 1000-seed weight over 40 kg N/ha.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen rates of 80 and 120 kg/hae2
- Outcome
- total number of achenes/capitulum, number of filled achenes/capitulum and 1000-seed weighte2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- 40 kg N/hae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to study the Nutritional yield and economics response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e2“Nitrogen rates of 80 and 120 kg/ha at par with one another, significantly increased the total number of achenes/capitulum, number of filled achenes/capitulum and 1000-seed weight over 40 kg N/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield with 120 kg N/ha was 2.5 t/ha, at par with 2.4 t/ha at 80 kg N/ha.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- 120 kg N/hae3
- Outcome
- seed yielde3
- Direction
- at pare3
- Value
- 2.5 tonnes/hae3
- Qualifier
- 2.4 t/hae3
- Comparator
- 80 kg N/hae3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to study the Nutritional yield and economics response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e3“The luxurious seed yield (2.5 tonnes/ha) was recorded with 120 kg N/ha which remained at par with 80 kg N/ha (2.4 t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower net returns with 120 kg N/ha were Rs. 53793.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- 120 kg N/hae4
- Outcome
- net returnse4
- Value
- Rs. 53793e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to study the Nutritional yield and economics response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e4“net returns (Rs. 53793), B:C (2.1) ratio was higher with 120 kg N/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
The benefit-cost ratio of sunflower was higher with 120 kg N/ha, at 2.1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to study the Nutritional yield and economics response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e4“net returns (Rs. 53793), B:C (2.1) ratio was higher with 120 kg N/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower seed yield was maximum (2.42 t/ha) with 60 kg S/ha.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- 60 kg S/hae5
- Outcome
- seed yielde5
- Direction
- maximume5
- Value
- 2.42 tonnes/ hae5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to study the Nutritional yield and economics response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e5“Application of 60 kg S/ha recorded maximum seed yield (2.42 tonnes/ ha) and net returns (Rs. 49115)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower net returns with 60 kg S/ha were Rs. 49115.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- 60 kg S/hae5
- Outcome
- net returnse5
- Value
- Rs. 49115e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to study the Nutritional yield and economics response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e5“Application of 60 kg S/ha recorded maximum seed yield (2.42 tonnes/ ha) and net returns (Rs. 49115)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower oil content and oil yield were higher with 60 kg S/ha.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- 60 kg S/hae6
- Outcome
- oil content and oil yielde6
- Direction
- highere6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to study the Nutritional yield and economics response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e6“Application of 60 kg S/ha recorded maximum seed yield (2.42 tonnes/ ha) and net returns (Rs. 49115). Same dose of treatment also recorded higher oil content and oil yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmyard manure at 10 t/ha improved sunflower seed yield by 9% over no application.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- FYM @ 10e7
- Outcome
- seed yielde7
- Direction
- improvede7
- Value
- 9e7
- Comparator
- no applicatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to study the Nutritional yield and economics response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e7“Application of FYM @ 10 and 20 t/ha improved seed yield up to the tune of 9 and 15% over no application, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmyard manure at 20 t/ha improved sunflower seed yield by 15% over no application.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- 20 t/hae7
- Outcome
- seed yielde7
- Direction
- improvede7
- Value
- 15%e7
- Comparator
- no applicatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to study the Nutritional yield and economics response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e7“Application of FYM @ 10 and 20 t/ha improved seed yield up to the tune of 9 and 15% over no application, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Available nitrogen in soil was highest with 120 kg N+60 kg S+20 t FYM/ha.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- 120 kg N+60 kg S+20 t FYM/hae6
- Outcome
- Available nitrogene6
- Direction
- higheste6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to study the Nutritional yield and economics response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e6“Available nitrogen recorded was highest with treatment combination 120 kg N+60 kg S+20 t FYM/ha and lowest with 40 kg N+30 kg S+0 t FYM/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Available nitrogen in soil was lowest with 40 kg N+30 kg S+0 t FYM/ha.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- 40 kg N+30 kg S+0 t FYM/hae6
- Outcome
- Available nitrogene6
- Direction
- loweste6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to study the Nutritional yield and economics response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e6“Available nitrogen recorded was highest with treatment combination 120 kg N+60 kg S+20 t FYM/ha and lowest with 40 kg N+30 kg S+0 t FYM/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Available sulphur in soil followed a similar trend to available nitrogen.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- available sulphure7
- Direction
- Similar trende7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to study the Nutritional yield and economics response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e7“Similar trend was observed for available sulphur”
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