Abstract
A highly reproducible regeneration system through somatic embryogenesis from the excised mature embryos (MEs) of dry seeds of a range of European barley cultivars was developed. By minimizing the germination of plated MEs, primary callus could be obtained with high frequency which permitted efficient embryogenesis and regeneration of a large number of green plants. Different approaches were tested to reduce or prevent normal germination: (i) the use of a well defined balance of maltose and 2,4-D in the induction medium, (ii) soaking of seeds in water containing 2,4-D solution, (iii) direct culture of excised embryonic axes, (iv) longitudinally bisected MEs giving two halves, and (v) complete removal of the elongated main shoot including any roots within a week of culture initiation. Culturing of bisected MEs and whole embryonic axes gave the best responses with respect to large amounts of callus combined with minimal germination. The incorporation of BAP at low levels in the medium was found to be most effective for embryogenesis and the maintenance of long-term morphogenic capacity (more than 11 months up to now). This procedure allows the complete regeneration of plants in 16-20 weeks, from the initial isolation of MEs through all the steps to the development of plants ready to be transferred to the soil. The protocol was first developed for cv. Golden Promise and successfully applied to commercial cultivars. All cultivars tested formed embryogenic callus, with overall rates ranging from 22-55% and an average number of green plants per embryogenic callus from 1.5 to 7.5 across the genotypes.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The culture system reproducibly regenerated barley through somatic embryogenesis.
- Taxon
- barley
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Hordeum vulgaree0 - Outcome
- regeneration systeme0
- Value
- highly reproduciblee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“A highly reproducible regeneration system through somatic embryogenesis from the excised mature embryos (MEs) of dry seeds of a range of European barley cultivars was developed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimizing germination enabled high-frequency primary callus and efficient embryogenesis and regeneration.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- minimizing the germination of plated MEse0
- Outcome
- primary calluse0
- Direction
- high frequencye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By minimizing the germination of plated MEs, primary callus could be obtained with high frequency which permitted efficient embryogenesis and regeneration of a large number of green plants.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Bisected mature embryos gave high callus and minimal germination.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- bisected MEse0
- Outcome
- large amounts of callus combined with minimal germinatione0
- Direction
- best responsese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Culturing of bisected MEs and whole embryonic axes gave the best responses with respect to large amounts of callus combined with minimal germination.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole embryonic axes gave high callus and minimal germination.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- whole embryonic axese0
- Outcome
- large amounts of callus combined with minimal germinatione0
- Direction
- best responsese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Culturing of bisected MEs and whole embryonic axes gave the best responses with respect to large amounts of callus combined with minimal germination.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Low BAP in medium was most effective for embryogenesis and long-term morphogenic capacity.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- BAP at low levels in the mediume0
- Outcome
- embryogenesis and the maintenance of long-term morphogenic capacitye0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Value
- more than 11 monthse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The incorporation of BAP at low levels in the medium was found to be most effective for embryogenesis and the maintenance of long-term morphogenic capacity (more than 11 months up to now).”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The procedure regenerated transplant-ready plants in 16–20 weeks.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- complete regeneration of plantse0
- Value
- 16-20 weekse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This procedure allows the complete regeneration of plants in 16-20 weeks, from the initial isolation of MEs through all the steps to the development of plants ready to be transferred to the soil.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The protocol developed for Golden Promise also worked in commercial cultivars.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- commercial cultivarse0
- Outcome
- successfully appliede0
- Comparator
- cv. Golden Promisee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The protocol was first developed for cv. Golden Promise and successfully applied to commercial cultivars.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested cultivars formed embryogenic callus at 22–55%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- cultivars testede0
- Outcome
- embryogenic calluse0
- Value
- 22-55%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All cultivars tested formed embryogenic callus, with overall rates ranging from 22-55%”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Green plants per embryogenic callus averaged 1.5–7.5 across genotypes.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- genotypese0
- Outcome
- average number of green plants per embryogenic calluse0
- Value
- 1.5 to 7.5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an average number of green plants per embryogenic callus from 1.5 to 7.5 across the genotypes.”
t0“barley”
The same questions in other papers
processing · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.