Abstract
The perceived risk of pest resurgence upon transition from conventional to organic-based farming systems remains a critical obstacle to expanding organic vegetable production, particularly where chemical fumigants have provided soilborne pest and disease control. Microplots were used to study the effects of soil amendments and cropping sequences applied over a 2-year transitional period from conventional to organic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivation on the incidence of bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) reproduction, root galling by Meloidogyne incognita, and soil nematode populations. A continuation of tomato monoculture during the transitional period resulted in a disease incidence of 33%, as compared with 9% in microplots that were rotated with sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) and Japanese millet (Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea). The benefits of disease control from a crop rotation extended into to a second season of organic tomato cultivation season, where bacterial wilt declined from 40% in microplots with a tomato monoculture to 17% in plots with a crop rotation sequence. Combining applications of urban plant debris with a continued tomato monoculture increased the incidence of bacterial wilt to 60%. During the transition period, tomato plants following a cover crop regime also had significantly lower levels of root galling from root-knot nematode infection compared with plants in the continuous tomato monoculture. Nutsedge tuber production was significantly increased in plots amended with broiler litter but not urban plant debris. Compared with a continuous monoculture, the results illustrate the importance of a systems-based approach to implementing transitional organic practices that is cognizant of their interactive effects on resident soilborne disease, weed, and pest complexes.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous tomato monoculture gave a higher bacterial wilt incidence (33%) than rotation with sunn hemp and Japanese millet (9%).
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- tomato monoculturee1
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearume2pathogen - Outcome
- disease incidencee1
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Value
- 33%e1
- Comparator
- rotated with sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) and Japanese millet (Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivation”
e1“A continuation of tomato monoculture during the transitional period resulted in a disease incidence of 33%, as compared with 9% in microplots that were rotated with sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) and Japanese millet (Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea)”
e2“the incidence of bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop rotation reduced bacterial wilt from 40% to 17% in the second season of organic tomato cultivation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- crop rotation sequencee3
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume2pathogen
- Outcome
- bacterial wilte3
- Direction
- declinede3
- Value
- 17%e3
- Comparator
- a tomato monoculturee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivation”
e2“the incidence of bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum”
e3“where bacterial wilt declined from 40% in microplots with a tomato monoculture to 17% in plots with a crop rotation sequence”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining urban plant debris with continued tomato monoculture increased bacterial wilt incidence to 60%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- applications of urban plant debrise4
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume2pathogen
- Outcome
- incidence of bacterial wilte4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 60%e4
- Comparator
- a continued tomato monoculturee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivation”
e2“the incidence of bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum”
e4“Combining applications of urban plant debris with a continued tomato monoculture increased the incidence of bacterial wilt to 60%”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato plants following a cover crop regime had significantly lower root galling from root-knot nematode than plants in continuous monoculture.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- cover crop regimee5
- Interactor
- root-knot nematode
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogynee5pest - Outcome
- root gallinge5
- Direction
- lower levelse5
- Comparator
- continuous tomato monoculturee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“organic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivation”
e5“During the transition period, tomato plants following a cover crop regime also had significantly lower levels of root galling from root-knot nematode infection compared with plants in the continuous tomato monoculture”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutsedge tuber production was significantly increased in plots amended with broiler litter but not with urban plant debris.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- broiler littere6
- Interactor
- Nutsedgee6weed
- Outcome
- Nutsedge tuber productione6
- Direction
- significantly increasede6
- Comparator
- urban plant debrise6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivation”
e6“Nutsedge tuber production was significantly increased in plots amended with broiler litter but not urban plant debris”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend a systems-based approach to implementing transitional organic practices that accounts for their interactive effects on soilborne disease, weed and pest complexes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- systems-based approach to implementing transitional organic practicese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivation”
e7“the results illustrate the importance of a systems-based approach to implementing transitional organic practices”
The same questions in other papers
cover crop · Meloidogyne · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
rotation · Ralstonia solanacearum · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.