Abstract
Previous understanding of the mechanism of seed ageing is largely based on observations on imbibed seeds rather than dry seeds. The present research was conducted to investigate whether seed ageing has effects on the dry seeds through proteome analysis. Maize (Zea mays cv. Dabaitou) seeds were artificially aged at 50°C (13.58% moisture content) for 5 or 13 days, and the total protein was extracted from embryos of the dry seeds. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was performed and the differentially expressed proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. A total of 40 proteins were identified, in which 16 proteins were upregulated, indicating that artificial ageing affected the proteome of the dry seeds. Proteomic studies revealed that the signal transduction and transcription were disturbed by artificial ageing, which might lead to reduced protection against ageing. Artificial ageing also increased proteases and broke down stored proteins, impaired metabolism and energy supply, and ultimately resulted in seed deterioration. Proteins involved in metabolism and energy were the largest downregulated protein group, with regard to glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. The downregulation of these proteins, together with reduction in the specific activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and the content of glucose 6-phosphate, pyruvic acid and ATP in aged seeds, suggested the important roles of the mobilization of stored carbohydrates and energy supply in seed ageing and seed vigor. The present work provides new information about the proteomic changes during seed ageing and provides a possible mechanism for seed deterioration.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial ageing upregulated 16 of 40 identified proteins in maize dry-seed embryos.
- Material
- Dabaitoue0
- Organ / stage
- embryose0
- Treatment
- artificial ageingt0
- Outcome
- proteinse1
- Direction
- upregulatede1
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Proteome analysis of maize seeds: the effect of artificial ageing”
e0“Maize (Zea mays cv. Dabaitou) seeds were artificially aged at 50°C (13.58% moisture content) for 5 or 13 days, and the total protein was extracted from embryos of the dry seeds”
e1“A total of 40 proteins were identified, in which 16 proteins were upregulated”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial ageing downregulated metabolism and energy proteins, the largest downregulated protein group (glycolysis, TCA cycle, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation).
- Treatment
- artificial ageingt0
- Outcome
- Proteins involved in metabolism and energye5
- Direction
- downregulatede5
- Qualifier
- glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylatione5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Proteome analysis of maize seeds: the effect of artificial ageing”
e5“Proteins involved in metabolism and energy were the largest downregulated protein group, with regard to glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial ageing increased proteases in maize seeds.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Proteome analysis of maize seeds: the effect of artificial ageing”
e3“Artificial ageing also increased proteases”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial ageing broke down stored proteins in maize seeds.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Proteome analysis of maize seeds: the effect of artificial ageing”
e4“Artificial ageing also increased proteases and broke down stored proteins, impaired metabolism and energy supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial ageing impaired metabolism and energy supply in maize seeds.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Proteome analysis of maize seeds: the effect of artificial ageing”
e4“Artificial ageing also increased proteases and broke down stored proteins, impaired metabolism and energy supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial ageing ultimately resulted in seed deterioration.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Proteome analysis of maize seeds: the effect of artificial ageing”
e4“Artificial ageing also increased proteases and broke down stored proteins, impaired metabolism and energy supply”
e6“ultimately resulted in seed deterioration”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial ageing reduced the specific activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in aged maize seeds.
- Treatment
- artificial ageingt0
- Gene
- glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenasee7
- Outcome
- specific activitye7
- Direction
- reductione7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Proteome analysis of maize seeds: the effect of artificial ageing”
e7“reduction in the specific activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and the content of glucose 6-phosphate, pyruvic acid and ATP in aged seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial ageing reduced the content of glucose 6-phosphate, pyruvic acid and ATP in aged maize seeds.
- Treatment
- artificial ageingt0
- Outcome
- content of glucose 6-phosphate, pyruvic acid and ATPe7
- Direction
- reductione7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Proteome analysis of maize seeds: the effect of artificial ageing”
e7“reduction in the specific activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and the content of glucose 6-phosphate, pyruvic acid and ATP in aged seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that mobilization of stored carbohydrates and energy supply play important roles in seed ageing and seed vigor.
- Outcome
- seed ageing and seed vigore2
- Qualifier
- mobilization of stored carbohydrates and energy supplye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Proteome analysis of maize seeds: the effect of artificial ageing”
e2“suggested the important roles of the mobilization of stored carbohydrates and energy supply in seed ageing and seed vigor”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial ageing disturbed signal transduction and transcription in maize dry seeds.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Proteome analysis of maize seeds: the effect of artificial ageing”
e2“Proteomic studies revealed that the signal transduction and transcription were disturbed by artificial ageing”
The same questions in other papers
property · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.