Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Increasing physical water scarcity is a major constraint for irrigated rice (Oryza sativa) production. 'Aerobic rice culture' aims to maximize yield per unit water input by growing plants in aerobic soil without flooding or puddling. The objective was to determine (a) the effect of water management on root morphology and hydraulic conductance, and (b) their roles in plant-water relationships and stomatal conductance in aerobic culture. METHODS: Root system development, stomatal conductance (g(s)) and leaf water potential (Ψ(leaf)) were monitored in a high-yielding rice cultivar ('Takanari') under flooded and aerobic conditions at two soil moisture levels [nearly saturated (> -10 kPa) and mildly dry (> -30 kPa)] over 2 years. In an ancillary pot experiment, whole-plant hydraulic conductivity (soil-leaf hydraulic conductance; K(pa)) was measured under flooded and aerobic conditions. KEY RESULTS: Adventitious root emergence and lateral root proliferation were restricted even under nearly saturated conditions, resulting in a 72-85 % reduction in total root length under aerobic culture conditions. Because of their reduced rooting size, plants grown under aerobic conditions tended to have lower K(pa) than plants grown under flooded conditions. Ψ(leaf) was always significantly lower in aerobic culture than in flooded culture, while g(s) was unchanged when the soil moisture was at around field capacity. g(s) was inevitably reduced when the soil water potential at 20-cm depth reached -20 kPa. CONCLUSIONS: Unstable performance of rice in water-saving cultivations is often associated with reduction in Ψ(leaf). Ψ(leaf) may reduce even if K(pa) is not significantly changed, but the lower Ψ(leaf) would certainly occur in case K(pa) reduces as a result of lower water-uptake capacity under aerobic conditions. Rice performance in aerobic culture might be improved through genetic manipulation that promotes lateral root branching and rhizogenesis as well as deep rooting.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Aerobic culture restricted adventitious root emergence and lateral root proliferation even in nearly saturated soil.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- aerobic culture conditionse1
- Outcome
- Adventitious root emergence and lateral root proliferatione0
- Direction
- restrictede0
- Qualifier
- nearly saturated conditionse0
- Comparator
- flooded conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Adventitious root emergence and lateral root proliferation were restricted even under nearly saturated conditions”
e1“under aerobic culture conditions”
e2“under flooded conditions”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Total root length was reduced 72-85 % under aerobic culture.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- aerobic culture conditionse0
- Outcome
- total root lengthe0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 72-85 %e0
- Comparator
- flooded conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 72-85 % reduction in total root length under aerobic culture conditions”
e1“under flooded conditions”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Aerobic plants tended to have lower whole-plant hydraulic conductivity than flooded plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- aerobic conditionse0
- Outcome
- K(pa)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- tended toe0
- Comparator
- flooded conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants grown under aerobic conditions tended to have lower K(pa) than plants grown under flooded conditions”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf water potential was significantly lower in aerobic than flooded culture.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- aerobic culturee0
- Outcome
- Ψ(leaf)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- flooded culturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ψ(leaf) was always significantly lower in aerobic culture than in flooded culture”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal conductance was unchanged around field capacity under aerobic versus flooded culture.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- aerobic culturee1
- Outcome
- g(s)e0
- Direction
- unchangede0
- Qualifier
- around field capacitye0
- Comparator
- flooded culturee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“g(s) was unchanged when the soil moisture was at around field capacity”
e1“in aerobic culture than in flooded culture”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal conductance was reduced when soil water potential at 20-cm depth reached -20 kPa.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- g(s)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- -20 kPae0
- Setting
- soil water potential at 20-cm depthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“g(s) was inevitably reduced when the soil water potential at 20-cm depth reached -20 kPa”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend genetic manipulation to promote lateral branching, rhizogenesis and deep rooting for aerobic rice performance.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- genetic manipulation that promotes lateral root branching and rhizogenesis as well as deep rootinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice performance in aerobic culture might be improved through genetic manipulation that promotes lateral root branching and rhizogenesis as well as deep rooting”
The same questions in other papers
in vitro · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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