Abstract
The components in plant signal transduction pathways are intertwined and affect each other to coordinate plant growth, development, and defenses to stresses. The role of ubiquitination in connecting these pathways, particularly plant innate immunity and flowering, is largely unknown. Here, we report the dual roles for the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Plant U-box protein13 (PUB13) in defense and flowering time control. In vitro ubiquitination assays indicated that PUB13 is an active E3 ubiquitin ligase and that the intact U-box domain is required for the E3 ligase activity. Disruption of the PUB13 gene by T-DNA insertion results in spontaneous cell death, the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and salicylic acid (SA), and elevated resistance to biotrophic pathogens but increased susceptibility to necrotrophic pathogens. The cell death, hydrogen peroxide accumulation, and resistance to necrotrophic pathogens in pub13 are enhanced when plants are pretreated with high humidity. Importantly, pub13 also shows early flowering under middle- and long-day conditions, in which the expression of SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 and FLOWERING LOCUS T is induced while FLOWERING LOCUS C expression is suppressed. Finally, we found that two components involved in the SA-mediated signaling pathway, SID2 and PAD4, are required for the defense and flowering-time phenotypes caused by the loss of function of PUB13. Taken together, our data demonstrate that PUB13 acts as an important node connecting SA-dependent defense signaling and flowering time regulation in Arabidopsis.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
PUB13 is an active E3 ubiquitin ligase.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Gene
- PUB13e0
- Outcome
- active E3 ubiquitin ligasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“PUB13 is an active E3 ubiquitin ligase”
Claim · model-written summary
The intact U-box domain is required for PUB13 E3 ligase activity.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- U-box domaine0
- Outcome
- E3 ligase activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“the intact U-box domain is required for the E3 ligase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
PUB13 disruption caused spontaneous cell death.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Disruption of the PUB13 gene by T-DNA insertione0
- Gene
- PUB13e0
- Outcome
- spontaneous cell deathe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“Disruption of the PUB13 gene by T-DNA insertion results in spontaneous cell death”
Claim · model-written summary
PUB13 disruption caused hydrogen peroxide accumulation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Disruption of the PUB13 gene by T-DNA insertione0
- Gene
- PUB13e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of hydrogen peroxidee0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“Disruption of the PUB13 gene by T-DNA insertion results in spontaneous cell death, the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide”
Claim · model-written summary
PUB13 disruption caused salicylic acid accumulation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Disruption of the PUB13 gene by T-DNA insertione0
- Gene
- PUB13e0
- Outcome
- salicylic acid (SA)e0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“Disruption of the PUB13 gene by T-DNA insertion results in spontaneous cell death, the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and salicylic acid (SA)”
Claim · model-written summary
PUB13 disruption elevated resistance to biotrophic pathogens.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- resistance to biotrophic pathogense0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“elevated resistance to biotrophic pathogens”
Claim · model-written summary
PUB13 disruption increased susceptibility to necrotrophic pathogens.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- susceptibility to necrotrophic pathogense0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“increased susceptibility to necrotrophic pathogens”
Claim · model-written summary
High humidity pretreatment enhanced cell death in pub13.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- pub13e0
- Treatment
- pretreated with high humiditye0
- Outcome
- cell deathe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“The cell death, hydrogen peroxide accumulation, and resistance to necrotrophic pathogens in pub13 are enhanced when plants are pretreated with high humidity”
Claim · model-written summary
High humidity pretreatment enhanced hydrogen peroxide accumulation in pub13.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- pub13e0
- Treatment
- pretreated with high humiditye0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide accumulatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“The cell death, hydrogen peroxide accumulation, and resistance to necrotrophic pathogens in pub13 are enhanced when plants are pretreated with high humidity”
Claim · model-written summary
High humidity pretreatment enhanced resistance to necrotrophic pathogens in pub13.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- pub13e0
- Treatment
- pretreated with high humiditye0
- Outcome
- resistance to necrotrophic pathogense0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“The cell death, hydrogen peroxide accumulation, and resistance to necrotrophic pathogens in pub13 are enhanced when plants are pretreated with high humidity”
Claim · model-written summary
pub13 flowered early under middle- and long-day conditions.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- pub13e0
- Outcome
- early floweringe0
- Qualifier
- middle- and long-day conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“pub13 also shows early flowering under middle- and long-day conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 and FLOWERING LOCUS T expression was induced in pub13.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 and FLOWERING LOCUS Te0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“the expression of SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 and FLOWERING LOCUS T is induced”
Claim · model-written summary
FLOWERING LOCUS C expression was suppressed in pub13.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- FLOWERING LOCUS Ce0
- Outcome
- FLOWERING LOCUS C expressione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“FLOWERING LOCUS C expression is suppressed”
Claim · model-written summary
SID2 and PAD4 were required for the defense and flowering phenotypes caused by PUB13 loss.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- SID2 and PAD4e0
- Outcome
- defense and flowering-time phenotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“SID2 and PAD4, are required for the defense and flowering-time phenotypes caused by the loss of function of PUB13”
The same questions in other papers
humidity · disease · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.