Abstract
Quality of grain, next to yield, is the most important factor for rice ( Oryza sativa L.) production in semi-arid tropical Australia. Studies were undertaken in the Burdekin River Irrigation Area of northern Australia to improve rice grain quality through nitrogen fertilisation. This paper reports the results of 4 experiments comparing the response of 3 rice genotypes differing in maturity and stature to 5 rates of applied nitrogen (0, 70, 140, 210, and 280 kg/ha) over 4 seasons (2 wet and 2 dry seasons). The components of grain quality studied were endosperm chalkiness, whole grain millout, grain size, alkali digestion (gelatinisation temperature), and grain protein. This paper also examines the suitability of the 3 genotypes as parental material in breeding programs aimed at selecting for specific grain quality attributes. Starbonnet was identified as a potential parent in breeding programs which aim to specifically select for reduced chalkiness and high millout in low N environments. Selection for lower chalkiness, and higher millout and protein concentration, should occur in a wide range of target environments to account for the seasonal variation observed in these parameters. Grain size appeared to be affected more by genetic than agronomic factors, since grain length and breadth were largely unaffected by N rate, yet genotypic differences were found for both parameters in all experiments. Newbonnet grain was long and slender, suggesting this genotype would be a suitable parent in breeding programs aimed at improving grain appearance. The response of alkali digestion to N rate and genotype was small for all seasons. The importance of developing N fertiliser strategies that optimise both grain yield and quality was highlighted by differences in the responses of grain protein and grain yield to N rate. A number of linkages were examined among various components of grain quality. However, the magnitude of these linkages was small, suggesting that selection for one quality component should not be at the expense of selection for another.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Starbonnet is a potential parent for breeding programs selecting for reduced chalkiness and high millout in low N environments.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- Starbonnete1
- Outcome
- potential parent in breeding programse1
- Qualifier
- to specifically select for reduced chalkiness and high millout in low N environmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“Starbonnet was identified as a potential parent in breeding programs which aim to specifically select for reduced chalkiness and high millout in low N environments”
Claim · model-written summary
Selection for lower chalkiness and higher millout and protein concentration should occur across a wide range of target environments.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- Selection for lower chalkiness, and higher millout and protein concentratione2
- Qualifier
- in a wide range of target environmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
e2“Selection for lower chalkiness, and higher millout and protein concentration, should occur in a wide range of target environments to account for the seasonal variation observed in these parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain size of rice appeared to be affected more by genetic than by agronomic factors.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- Grain sizee1
- Comparator
- agronomic factorse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“Grain size appeared to be affected more by genetic than agronomic factors”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain length and breadth of rice were largely unaffected by N rate.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- N ratee1
- Outcome
- grain length and breadthe1
- Direction
- unaffectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“grain length and breadth were largely unaffected by N rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotypic differences in grain length and breadth of rice were found in all experiments.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- genotypic differencese1
- Qualifier
- for both parameters in all experimentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“genotypic differences were found for both parameters in all experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
The response of alkali digestion to N rate and genotype was small across all seasons.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- N ratee4
- Outcome
- alkali digestione4
- Direction
- smalle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
e4“The response of alkali digestion to N rate and genotype was small for all seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Developing N fertiliser strategies that optimise both grain yield and quality is important for rice.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- developing N fertiliser strategies that optimise both grain yield and qualitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“developing N fertiliser strategies that optimise both grain yield and quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain protein and grain yield responded differently to N rate in rice.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- N ratee1
- Outcome
- grain protein and grain yielde1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“differences in the responses of grain protein and grain yield to N rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Linkages among grain quality components were small in magnitude.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- magnitude of these linkagese1
- Direction
- smalle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“the magnitude of these linkages was small”
Claim · model-written summary
Selection for one grain quality component should not be at the expense of selection for another.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- selection for one quality component should not be at the expense of selection for anothere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
e7“suggesting that selection for one quality component should not be at the expense of selection for another”
Claim · model-written summary
Newbonnet grain is long and slender.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Material
- Newbonnete1
- Outcome
- graine1
- Qualifier
- long and slendere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“Newbonnet grain was long and slender”
Claim · model-written summary
Newbonnet is a suitable parent in breeding programs aimed at improving grain appearance.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Material
- Newbonnete2
- Outcome
- a suitable parent in breeding programs aimed at improving grain appearancee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“suggesting this genotype would be a suitable parent in breeding programs aimed at improving grain appearance”
e2“Newbonnet grain was long and slender”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
241 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1,803 in the opposite direction
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