Abstract
In commercial almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] orchards in Chile, the percentage of fruit set is low and commonly reaches 5–30%. As almond trees bloom during a cool period and also suffer from self-incompatibility, any factor that can improve pollination, pollen germination and pollen tube growth or extend the effective pollination period, such as the application of plant bioregulators (PBRs), should be beneficial for fruit production. Three plant bioregulators (PBRs): brassinolide (BL), gibberellic acid (GA3) and kinetin (KN) were evaluated for pollen germination and pollen tube growth in vitro, as well as for fruit set in almond cultivars Non Pareil and Carmel, in central Chile, during the 2013 and 2014 seasons. For pollen germination in vitro, the BL concentration of 10 mg L- 1 had the highest value in Non Pareil (97.7%), after 4 h germination in 2014 growing season (the control was 90.9%). KN at a concentration of 50 μL L- 1 induced the longest pollen tube growth of 1243.4 μm in Carmel after 8 h germination in 2013 (the control was 917.7 μm). In Non Pareil, the highest percentage of fruit set (31.0%) was achieved in 2014 by spraying during bloom at pink bud stage with KN at 50 μL L- 1 (the control was 16.7%). A significant favorable effect of the tested PBRs was observed in pollen germination and pollen tube growth in vitro, as well as on fruit set in Non Pareil and Carmel almonds.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinolide at 10 mg L-1 gave the highest in-vitro pollen germination in Non Pareil, 97.7% against 90.9% in the control, after 4 h in 2014.
- Taxon
- almond
Prunus dulcise0 - Material
- Non Pareile1
- Organ / stage
- pollene1
- Treatment
- BL concentration of 10 mg L- 1e1
- Outcome
- pollen germinatione1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 97.7%e1
- Qualifier
- after 4 h germination in 2014 growing season (the control was 90.9%)e1
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- in vitroe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb]”
e1“For pollen germination in vitro, the BL concentration of 10 mg L- 1 had the highest value in Non Pareil (97.7%), after 4 h germination in 2014 growing season (the control was 90.9%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Kinetin at 50 μL L-1 gave the longest in-vitro pollen tube growth in Carmel, 1243.4 μm against 917.7 μm in the control, after 8 h in 2013.
- Taxon
- almondPrunus dulcise0
- Material
- Carmele2
- Organ / stage
- pollene2
- Treatment
- KN at a concentration of 50 μL L- 1e2
- Outcome
- pollen tube growthe2
- Direction
- longeste2
- Value
- 1243.4 μme2
- Qualifier
- after 8 h germination in 2013 (the control was 917.7 μm)e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb]”
e2“KN at a concentration of 50 μL L- 1 induced the longest pollen tube growth of 1243.4 μm in Carmel after 8 h germination in 2013 (the control was 917.7 μm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying kinetin at 50 μL L-1 at pink bud stage gave the highest fruit set in Non Pareil in 2014, 31.0% against 16.7% in the control.
- Taxon
- almondPrunus dulcise0
- Material
- Non Pareile3
- Treatment
- spraying during bloom at pink bud stage with KN at 50 μL L- 1e3
- Outcome
- percentage of fruit sete3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 31.0%e3
- Qualifier
- the control was 16.7%e3
- Comparator
- controle3
- Setting
- 2014e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb]”
e3“In Non Pareil, the highest percentage of fruit set (31.0%) was achieved in 2014 by spraying during bloom at pink bud stage with KN at 50 μL L- 1 (the control was 16.7%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The tested plant bioregulators significantly and favorably affected in-vitro pollen germination, pollen tube growth and fruit set in Non Pareil and Carmel almonds.
- Taxon
- almondPrunus dulcise0
- Material
- Non Pareil and Carmele4
- Treatment
- tested PBRse4
- Outcome
- pollen germination and pollen tube growth in vitro, as well as on fruit sete4
- Direction
- increaseinferrede4
- Setting
- in vitroe4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb]”
e4“A significant favorable effect of the tested PBRs was observed in pollen germination and pollen tube growth in vitro, as well as on fruit set in Non Pareil and Carmel almonds”
The same questions in other papers
application · yield · Prunus dulcis (almond)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.