Abstract
Abstract Two composts were tested in eleven different Malus domestica orchards: one was a sewage sludge and bark compost with a low heavy metal content, the other was a municipal solid waste compost with a higher concentration of metals. For six years the zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) content were monitored in the soil, both in ‘total’ and EDTA extractable form, and in leaves and fruits. The resulting data demonstrate clearly that the sewage sludge and bark compost did not cause any significant increase of heavy metal levels in soil and plants; this compost can thus be used to fertilize the soil with no danger either to the environment or to crops. In contrast, the municipal solid waste compost led to a notable accumulation of all the metals examined in the soil and, above all in the case of Pb and Cd, also in the vegetation and the fruits.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 3
Claim · model-written summary
Sewage sludge and bark compost did not significantly increase heavy metal levels in soil and plants.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica
Malus domesticae3 - Treatment
- sewage sludge and bark composte1
- Outcome
- heavy metal levels in soil and plantse1
- Direction
- increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“eleven different Malus domestica orchards”
e1“The resulting data demonstrate clearly that the sewage sludge and bark compost did not cause any significant increase of heavy metal levels in soil and plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Municipal solid waste compost increased accumulation of all monitored metals in the soil.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae3
- Treatment
- municipal solid waste composte2
- Outcome
- accumulation of all the metals examined in the soile2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“eleven different Malus domestica orchards”
e2“In contrast, the municipal solid waste compost led to a notable accumulation of all the metals examined in the soil and, above all in the case of Pb and Cd, also in the vegetation and the fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Municipal solid waste compost increased Pb and Cd accumulation in apple vegetation and fruits.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae3
- Organ / stage
- vegetation and the fruitse2
- Treatment
- municipal solid waste composte2
- Outcome
- accumulatione2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Qualifier
- above all in the case of Pb and Cde2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“eleven different Malus domestica orchards”
e2“In contrast, the municipal solid waste compost led to a notable accumulation of all the metals examined in the soil and, above all in the case of Pb and Cd, also in the vegetation and the fruits”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · molecular: metabolites · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 31 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
45 papers more in this group
See all 49 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.