Abstract
Tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc) infiltrated with either of two pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae- an avirulent strain of P. syringae pv. tabaci (Pst) or the non-host pathogen P. syringae pv. maculicola M2 (Psm) - developed a hypersensitive response (HR). There were considerable differences in HR phenotype, timing and sequence of cell dismantling between the two pathosystems. Following Psm infiltration, the first macroscopic signs were visible at 4.5 h post-infiltration (hpi). Simultaneously, increased plasma membrane permeability was observed, suggesting that the loss of cell membrane integrity initiates the macroscopic HR evoked by Psm. In contrast, after Pst treatment there was a distinct time lapse between the first signs of tissue collapse (9 hpi) and the occurrence of plasma membrane discontinuity (12 hpi). Ultrastructural studies of cells undergoing the HR triggered by Psm and Pst revealed distinct patterns of alterations in morphology of organelles. Moreover, while different forms of nuclear degeneration were observed in leaf zones infiltrated with Pst, we failed to detect any abnormalities in the nuclei of Psm-treated tissue. In addition, application of synthetic caspase inhibitors (Ac-DEVD-CHO, Ac-YVAD-CMK) abolished HR induced by Pst, but not Psm. Our observations suggest that different cell death mechanisms are executed in response to Psm and Pst. Interestingly, pre-inoculation with Pst, but not with Psm, induced a long-distance acquired resistance (LDAR) response, even though locally a typical set of defense responses, including acquired resistance, was activated locally in response to Psm. The failure of Psm to induce LDAR may be due to the rapid degeneration of bundle sheath cells resulting from Psm infection.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Both pathovars induced a hypersensitive response in tobacco.
- Taxon
- Tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Material
- Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi-nce0
- Treatment
- infiltrated with either of two pathovars of Pseudomonas syringaee0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae
Pseudomonas syringaee0pathogen - Outcome
- hypersensitive response (HR)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc) infiltrated with either of two pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae- an avirulent strain of P. syringae pv. tabaci (Pst) or the non-host pathogen P. syringae pv. maculicola M2 (Psm) - developed a hypersensitive response (HR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Psm induced visible symptoms at 4.5 hours and increased plasma membrane permeability simultaneously.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Psm infiltratione0
- Interactor
- Psme0pathogen
- Outcome
- first macroscopic signse0
- Value
- 4.5 he0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Following Psm infiltration, the first macroscopic signs were visible at 4.5 h post-infiltration (hpi). Simultaneously, increased plasma membrane permeability was observed”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
After Pst, tissue collapse preceded membrane discontinuity by three hours.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Pst treatmente0
- Interactor
- Pste0pathogen
- Outcome
- time lapse between the first signs of tissue collapse (9 hpi) and the occurrence of plasma membrane discontinuity (12 hpi)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after Pst treatment there was a distinct time lapse between the first signs of tissue collapse (9 hpi) and the occurrence of plasma membrane discontinuity (12 hpi)”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
The two pathovars produced distinct organelle alterations during the hypersensitive response.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Interactor
- Psm and Pste0pathogen
- Outcome
- distinct patterns of alterations in morphology of organellese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cells undergoing the HR triggered by Psm and Pst revealed distinct patterns of alterations in morphology of organelles”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Nuclear degeneration occurred with Pst, whereas Psm treated nuclei showed no detected abnormalities.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- leaf zonese0
- Interactor
- Pste0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Psme0pathogen
- Outcome
- nuclear degeneratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“different forms of nuclear degeneration were observed in leaf zones infiltrated with Pst, we failed to detect any abnormalities in the nuclei of Psm-treated tissue”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Synthetic caspase inhibitors abolished Pst induced hypersensitive response.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- synthetic caspase inhibitors (Ac-DEVD-CHO, Ac-YVAD-CMK)e0
- Interactor
- Pste0pathogen
- Outcome
- HR induced by Pste0
- Direction
- abolishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of synthetic caspase inhibitors (Ac-DEVD-CHO, Ac-YVAD-CMK) abolished HR induced by Pst, but not Psm”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Synthetic caspase inhibitors did not abolish Psm induced hypersensitive response.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- synthetic caspase inhibitors (Ac-DEVD-CHO, Ac-YVAD-CMK)e0
- Interactor
- Psme0pathogen
- Outcome
- HRe0
- Direction
- not Psme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of synthetic caspase inhibitors (Ac-DEVD-CHO, Ac-YVAD-CMK) abolished HR induced by Pst, but not Psm”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Pst pre-inoculation induced long-distance acquired resistance, unlike Psm.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- pre-inoculation with Pste0
- Interactor
- Pste0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Psme0pathogen
- Outcome
- long-distance acquired resistance (LDAR) responsee0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Comparator
- Psme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pre-inoculation with Pst, but not with Psm, induced a long-distance acquired resistance (LDAR) response”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Psm activated local defense responses including acquired resistance.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Interactor
- Psme0pathogen
- Outcome
- defense responses, including acquired resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a typical set of defense responses, including acquired resistance, was activated locally in response to Psm”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest rapid bundle sheath degeneration may explain why Psm did not induce long-distance resistance.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- bundle sheath cellse0
- Interactor
- Psme0pathogen
- Outcome
- failure of Psm to induce LDARe0
- Qualifier
- rapid degeneration of bundle sheath cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The failure of Psm to induce LDAR may be due to the rapid degeneration of bundle sheath cells resulting from Psm infection”
t0“tobacco”
The same questions in other papers
Pseudomonas syringae · disease · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.