Abstract
Canola (Brassica napus) has a high sulfur requirement during vegetative growth and exhibits symptoms of sulfur deficiency when cropped on Saskatchewan soils low in plant available sulfur. Elemental sulfur (S 0 ) is frequently used as a fertilizer to alleviate this deficiency. The potential of sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms to enhance the growth of canola in S 0 fertilized soils was assessed. Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and fungi were isolated from the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of canola grown in four different Saskatchewan soils under growth chamber conditions. Of 273 bacterial isolates, 245 (89.7%) oxidized S 0 to thiosulfate or tetrathionate in vitro, and 133 (48.7%) oxidized S 0 to sulfate; 70 fungal isolates oxidized S 0 to sulfate. Eighteen bacterial isolates demonstrating the highest in vitro sulfur oxidation were tested as seed inoculants under growth chamber conditions, with S 0 as sulfur source. Fourteen isolates increased canola leaf size measured at the bud stage of growth, and seven isolates increased root and pod dry weights at maturity. Three of the 14 isolates were also able to stimulate canola leaf area in the presence of plant available sulfate. The shoot material from canola inoculated with two of these isolates contained more iron, sulfur, and magnesium than uninoculated canola. Three of the 14 isolates inhibited the growth of the canola fungal pathogens, Rhizoctonia solani AG2-1, R. solani AG4, and Leptosphaeria maculans "Leroy." Another isolate was antagonistic towards both R. solani strains and another inhibited the growth of R. solani AG2-1 and L. maculans "Leroy." Thus some sulfur-oxidizing isolates appear to stimulate canola growth due to the enhancement of mineral nutrient uptake, whereas in other cases antibiosis towards canola pathogens may also be involved. Key words: elemental sulfur, oxidation, canola, rhizosphere, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Fourteen bacterial isolates increased canola leaf size at the bud stage.
- Taxon
- canola
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Brassica napus var. napuse0 - Organ / stage
- bud stage of growthe0
- Treatment
- Fourteen isolatese0
- Outcome
- canola leaf sizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Fourteen isolates increased canola leaf size measured at the bud stage of growth”
e1“Canola (Brassica napus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven isolates increased canola root and pod dry weights at maturity.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Organ / stage
- at maturitye0
- Treatment
- seven isolatese0
- Outcome
- root and pod dry weightse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seven isolates increased root and pod dry weights at maturity”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Three isolates stimulated canola leaf area even with available sulfate.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Treatment
- Three of the 14 isolatese0
- Outcome
- canola leaf areae0
- Direction
- stimulatee0
- Qualifier
- in the presence of plant available sulfatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three of the 14 isolates were also able to stimulate canola leaf area in the presence of plant available sulfate.”
Claim · model-written summary
Two isolate inoculants increased iron, sulfur and magnesium in canola shoots.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Organ / stage
- shoot materiale0
- Treatment
- inoculated with two of these isolatese0
- Outcome
- iron, sulfur, and magnesiume0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- uninoculated canolae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The shoot material from canola inoculated with two of these isolates contained more iron, sulfur, and magnesium than uninoculated canola.”
Claim · model-written summary
Three isolates inhibited growth of three canola fungal pathogens.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Treatment
- Three of the 14 isolatese0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solani AG2-1
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Second interactor
- R. solani AG4Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- growth of the canola fungal pathogense0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- Leptosphaeria maculans "Leroy."e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three of the 14 isolates inhibited the growth of the canola fungal pathogens, Rhizoctonia solani AG2-1, R. solani AG4, and Leptosphaeria maculans "Leroy."”
Claim · model-written summary
Another isolate antagonized both R. solani strains.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Interactor
- R. solani strainsRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- antagonistic towards both R. solani strainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Another isolate was antagonistic towards both R. solani strains”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Another isolate inhibited R. solani AG2-1 and L. maculans growth.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Interactor
- R. solani AG2-1Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- L. maculans "Leroy."
Plenodomus lingame0pathogen - Outcome
- growth of R. solani AG2-1 and L. maculans "Leroy."e0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“another inhibited the growth of R. solani AG2-1 and L. maculans "Leroy."”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Some isolates appear to stimulate canola growth by enhancing mineral nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Outcome
- canola growthe0
- Qualifier
- enhancement of mineral nutrient uptakee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“some sulfur-oxidizing isolates appear to stimulate canola growth due to the enhancement of mineral nutrient uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Antibiosis toward canola pathogens may also contribute to growth stimulation.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse1
- Outcome
- canola growthe1
- Qualifier
- antibiosis towards canola pathogense0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in other cases antibiosis towards canola pathogens may also be involved”
e1“canola growth”
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See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.