Abstract
Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) S. Hughes, the causal agent of black dot on potato and anthracnose on tomato, reduces yield and crop quality. We explored the role of secreted pectate lyase (PL), a cell wall-degrading enzyme, in the aggressiveness of C. coccodes. In vitro-cultivated highly aggressive isolates secreted immunologically detectable PL levels 6 h after transfer to secondary medium versus 12 h for mildly aggressive isolates, suggesting that secreted PL is a virulence factor. The gene encoding PL, CcpelA, was cloned and used for the genetic manipulation of highly (US-41 and Si-72) and mildly (Si-60) aggressive isolates. CcpelA gene-disrupted mutants showed reduced aggressiveness towards tomato fruits and impaired PL secretion and extracellular activity. Conversely, overexpression of CcpelA in the Si-60 isolate increased its aggressiveness and PL secretion. Comparison of CcpelA cloned from isolates US-41 and Si-60 revealed that both encode identical proteins, but differ in their promoters. Bioinformatics analysis for cis-acting elements suggested that the promoters of the US-41 and Si-60 isolates contain one and no AreA-binding site (GATA box), respectively. AreA has been suggested to be involved in fungal aggressiveness; therefore, CcpelA may be a key virulence factor in C. coccodes pathogenicity, and the differences in isolate aggressiveness might result from promoter activity. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses confirmed the higher level of CcpelA transcript in isolate US-41 versus Si-60.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Highly aggressive C. coccodes isolates secreted detectable PL at 6 h versus 12 h for mildly aggressive isolates.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Interactor
- Colletotrichum coccodes
Colletotrichum coccodest0pathogen - Gene
- PLe0
- Outcome
- highly aggressive isolates secreted immunologically detectable PL levelse0
- Value
- 6 he0
- Qualifier
- 12 he0
- Comparator
- mildly aggressive isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vitro-cultivated highly aggressive isolates secreted immunologically detectable PL levels 6 h after transfer to secondary medium versus 12 h for mildly aggressive isolates, suggesting that secreted PL is a virulence factor.”
t0“Colletotrichum coccodes”
e1“Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) S. Hughes, the causal agent of black dot on potato and anthracnose on tomato, reduces yield and crop quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
CcpelA disruption reduced aggressiveness of C. coccodes toward tomato fruit.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- CcpelA gene-disrupted mutantse0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum coccodesColletotrichum coccodest0pathogen
- Gene
- CcpelAe0
- Outcome
- aggressiveness towards tomato fruitse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CcpelA gene-disrupted mutants showed reduced aggressiveness towards tomato fruits and impaired PL secretion and extracellular activity.”
t0“Colletotrichum coccodes”
e1“Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) S. Hughes, the causal agent of black dot on potato and anthracnose on tomato, reduces yield and crop quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
CcpelA disruption impaired PL secretion and extracellular activity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- CcpelA gene-disrupted mutantse0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum coccodesColletotrichum coccodest0pathogen
- Gene
- CcpelAe0
- Outcome
- PL secretion and extracellular activitye0
- Direction
- impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CcpelA gene-disrupted mutants showed reduced aggressiveness towards tomato fruits and impaired PL secretion and extracellular activity.”
t0“Colletotrichum coccodes”
e1“Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) S. Hughes, the causal agent of black dot on potato and anthracnose on tomato, reduces yield and crop quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
CcpelA overexpression increased Si-60 aggressiveness.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- overexpression of CcpelAe0
- Interactor
- Si-60 isolatee0pathogen
- Gene
- CcpelAe0
- Outcome
- aggressivenesse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conversely, overexpression of CcpelA in the Si-60 isolate increased its aggressiveness and PL secretion.”
t0“Colletotrichum coccodes”
e1“Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) S. Hughes, the causal agent of black dot on potato and anthracnose on tomato, reduces yield and crop quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
CcpelA overexpression increased Si-60 PL secretion.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- overexpression of CcpelAe0
- Interactor
- Si-60 isolatee0pathogen
- Gene
- CcpelAe0
- Outcome
- PL secretione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conversely, overexpression of CcpelA in the Si-60 isolate increased its aggressiveness and PL secretion.”
t0“Colletotrichum coccodes”
e1“Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) S. Hughes, the causal agent of black dot on potato and anthracnose on tomato, reduces yield and crop quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
US-41 and Si-60 CcpelA encode identical proteins.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Interactor
- isolates US-41 and Si-60e0pathogen
- Gene
- CcpelAe0
- Outcome
- identical proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Comparison of CcpelA cloned from isolates US-41 and Si-60 revealed that both encode identical proteins, but differ in their promoters.”
t0“Colletotrichum coccodes”
e1“Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) S. Hughes, the causal agent of black dot on potato and anthracnose on tomato, reduces yield and crop quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
US-41 and Si-60 CcpelA promoters differ.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Interactor
- isolates US-41 and Si-60e0pathogen
- Gene
- CcpelAe0
- Outcome
- differ in their promoterse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Comparison of CcpelA cloned from isolates US-41 and Si-60 revealed that both encode identical proteins, but differ in their promoters.”
t0“Colletotrichum coccodes”
e1“Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) S. Hughes, the causal agent of black dot on potato and anthracnose on tomato, reduces yield and crop quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
The US-41 promoter was predicted to contain one AreA-binding site.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Interactor
- US-41e0pathogen
- Gene
- AreAe0
- Outcome
- AreA-binding site (GATA box)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bioinformatics analysis for cis-acting elements suggested that the promoters of the US-41 and Si-60 isolates contain one and no AreA-binding site (GATA box), respectively.”
t0“Colletotrichum coccodes”
e1“Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) S. Hughes, the causal agent of black dot on potato and anthracnose on tomato, reduces yield and crop quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
The Si-60 promoter was predicted to contain no AreA-binding site.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Interactor
- Si-60e0pathogen
- Gene
- AreAe0
- Outcome
- AreA-binding site (GATA box)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bioinformatics analysis for cis-acting elements suggested that the promoters of the US-41 and Si-60 isolates contain one and no AreA-binding site (GATA box), respectively.”
t0“Colletotrichum coccodes”
e1“Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) S. Hughes, the causal agent of black dot on potato and anthracnose on tomato, reduces yield and crop quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
CcpelA transcript was higher in US-41 than Si-60.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Interactor
- US-41e0pathogen
- Gene
- CcpelAe0
- Outcome
- CcpelA transcripte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Si-60e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses confirmed the higher level of CcpelA transcript in isolate US-41 versus Si-60.”
t0“Colletotrichum coccodes”
e1“Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) S. Hughes, the causal agent of black dot on potato and anthracnose on tomato, reduces yield and crop quality.”