Abstract
Crop residues are an important source of nitrogen (N) for rice ( Oryza sativa L.). The objective of this research was to determine how the supply of mineral N from different prior crops or fallow might affect the growth and yield of rice. The study also tested whether N use by rice might be improved by timing the application of inorganic fertiliser N to supplement the N mineralised after prior crops. Experiments consisted of fallow, or cereal or legume crops in the dry-season followed by wet-season rice; and fallow, or cereal or legume crops in the wet- season followed by dry-season rice. Urea at one-third of the rate required for optimum rice yield was applied at 3 times during the rice crop: sowing, permanent flood, and/or panicle initiation. The prior fallow and crop treatments significantly influenced the growth and yield of rice crops. After a fallow, the pattern of soil N mineralisation promoted vegetative growth but was limiting during grain-filling. In contrast, after a cereal crop, rice vegetative growth was limited but grain-filling was promoted. Legume prior crops promoted both vegetative and grain growth. The benefits derived from growing the cereal or legume crops before rice, in terms of replacing fertiliser N, were dependent on the time at which fertiliser N was applied to the rice crop. In particular, legume crops frequently nullified the rice growth responses to fertiliser N. The results demonstrated that fallow and prior crops can alter the amount and timing of mineral N supply to a rice crop. Farmers should consider including a legume crop in rotation with rice because legumes supply N, which increases rice yield and reduces the requirement for fertiliser N. Cereal crops also contribute N, although farmers who use a cereal rotation should monitor the soil and crop N status during early rice growth, and supply extra fertiliser N to alleviate N deficiency.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
After a fallow, soil N mineralisation promoted rice vegetative growth.
Verbatim
t0“paddy rice”
e1“After a fallow, the pattern of soil N mineralisation promoted vegetative growth but was limiting during grain-filling”
e2“In contrast, after a cereal crop, rice vegetative growth was limited but grain-filling was promoted”
Claim · model-written summary
After a fallow, soil N mineralisation was limiting during rice grain-filling.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“paddy rice”
e1“After a fallow, the pattern of soil N mineralisation promoted vegetative growth but was limiting during grain-filling”
Claim · model-written summary
After a cereal crop, rice vegetative growth was limited.
Verbatim
t0“paddy rice”
e1“After a fallow, the pattern of soil N mineralisation promoted vegetative growth but was limiting during grain-filling”
e2“In contrast, after a cereal crop, rice vegetative growth was limited but grain-filling was promoted”
Claim · model-written summary
After a cereal crop, rice grain-filling was promoted.
Verbatim
t0“paddy rice”
e1“After a fallow, the pattern of soil N mineralisation promoted vegetative growth but was limiting during grain-filling”
e2“In contrast, after a cereal crop, rice vegetative growth was limited but grain-filling was promoted”
Claim · model-written summary
Legume prior crops promoted both rice vegetative and grain growth.
- Taxon
- paddy ricet0
- Treatment
- Legume prior cropse3
- Outcome
- vegetative and grain growthe3
- Direction
- promotede3
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“paddy rice”
e3“Legume prior crops promoted both vegetative and grain growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Legume crops frequently nullified the rice growth responses to fertiliser N.
- Taxon
- paddy ricet0
- Treatment
- legume cropse4
- Outcome
- rice growth responses to fertiliser Ne4
- Direction
- nullifiede4
- Qualifier
- frequentlye4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“paddy rice”
e4“In particular, legume crops frequently nullified the rice growth responses to fertiliser N”
Claim · model-written summary
The benefit of prior crops in replacing fertiliser N depended on the time at which fertiliser N was applied to the rice crop.
- Taxon
- paddy ricet0
- Treatment
- the time at which fertiliser N was appliede5
- Outcome
- The benefits derived from growing the cereal or legume crops before rice, in terms of replacing fertiliser Ne5
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“paddy rice”
e5“The benefits derived from growing the cereal or legume crops before rice, in terms of replacing fertiliser N, were dependent on the time at which fertiliser N was applied to the rice crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Legumes increased rice yield.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“paddy rice”
e6“Farmers should consider including a legume crop in rotation with rice because legumes supply N, which increases rice yield and reduces the requirement for fertiliser N”
Claim · model-written summary
Legumes reduced the requirement for fertiliser N in rice.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“paddy rice”
e6“Farmers should consider including a legume crop in rotation with rice because legumes supply N, which increases rice yield and reduces the requirement for fertiliser N”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmers should consider including a legume crop in rotation with rice.
Verbatim
t0“paddy rice”
e6“Farmers should consider including a legume crop in rotation with rice because legumes supply N, which increases rice yield and reduces the requirement for fertiliser N”
Claim · model-written summary
Cereal crops also contribute N to the rice crop.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“paddy rice”
e7“Cereal crops also contribute N”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmers who use a cereal rotation should monitor the soil and crop N status during early rice growth.
Verbatim
t0“paddy rice”
e0“farmers who use a cereal rotation should monitor the soil and crop N status during early rice growth, and supply extra fertiliser N to alleviate N deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmers who use a cereal rotation should supply extra fertiliser N to alleviate N deficiency.
Verbatim
t0“paddy rice”
e0“farmers who use a cereal rotation should monitor the soil and crop N status during early rice growth, and supply extra fertiliser N to alleviate N deficiency”
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See all 86 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.