Abstract
The influence of foliar application of calcium chloride and borax on the fruit quality of litchi cultivars was investigated by applying1-3% Calcium either alone or in combination with 0.5 to 1.5 Borax. The litchi cultivars varied significantly for quality traits . Cultivar Gola had the highest fruit weight (23.54 g), pulp weight (17.16 g), TSS (22.54%), total sugars (21.45%), reducing sugars (17.96%) and specific gravity (1.1051), while cultivar Bedana had the highest non-reducing sugars (9.72%). Foliar application of calcium chloride (CaCl2) alone had no significant effect on most of the quality variables, however, CaCl2 + Borax (Na2B4O7·10H2O) application increased the fruit weight (19.87 g), pulp weight (14.88 g) and pulp dry weight (13.76%) in control fruits to the maximum of 20.79, 15.69 g and 15.40% respectively with CaCl2 (3%) + Borax (1.5%). No variations were observed in total sugars, reducing sugars and non -reducing sugars of litchi fruit with application of CaCl2 alone, which increased significantly with foliar application of CaCl 2 3% + Borax. The planned paired means comparison showed that the least fruit weight (19.87 g), pulp weight (14.88 g) and pulp dry weight % (13.76% ) of control fruits increased significantly to 20.10 g, 14.94 g and 13.93% with CaCl2 application and further to 20.54 g, 15.38 g and 15.08% with CaCl2 + Borax treatments. The fruit weight, pulp weight and pulp dry weight % was significantly higher with CaCl2 + Borax foliar application as compared to CaCl2 alone. The total sugars, reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars were not significantly affected by CaCl 2 application but were significantly higher in Control vs. Rest, Control vs. CaCl2 + Borax and Ca vs. CaCl2 + Borax treatments means.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Gola had highest fruit weight.
LitchiOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cultivar Gola had the highest fruit weight (23.54 g), pulp weight (17.16 g), TSS (22.54%), total sugars (21.45%), reducing sugars (17.96%) and specific gravity (1.1051), while cultivar Bedana had the highest non-reducing sugars (9.72%)”
t0“LITCHI CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Gola had highest pulp weight.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cultivar Gola had the highest fruit weight (23.54 g), pulp weight (17.16 g), TSS (22.54%), total sugars (21.45%), reducing sugars (17.96%) and specific gravity (1.1051), while cultivar Bedana had the highest non-reducing sugars (9.72%)”
t0“LITCHI CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Gola had highest TSS.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cultivar Gola had the highest fruit weight (23.54 g), pulp weight (17.16 g), TSS (22.54%), total sugars (21.45%), reducing sugars (17.96%) and specific gravity (1.1051), while cultivar Bedana had the highest non-reducing sugars (9.72%)”
t0“LITCHI CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Gola had highest total sugars.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cultivar Gola had the highest fruit weight (23.54 g), pulp weight (17.16 g), TSS (22.54%), total sugars (21.45%), reducing sugars (17.96%) and specific gravity (1.1051), while cultivar Bedana had the highest non-reducing sugars (9.72%)”
t0“LITCHI CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Gola had highest reducing sugars.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cultivar Gola had the highest fruit weight (23.54 g), pulp weight (17.16 g), TSS (22.54%), total sugars (21.45%), reducing sugars (17.96%) and specific gravity (1.1051), while cultivar Bedana had the highest non-reducing sugars (9.72%)”
t0“LITCHI CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Gola had highest specific gravity.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cultivar Gola had the highest fruit weight (23.54 g), pulp weight (17.16 g), TSS (22.54%), total sugars (21.45%), reducing sugars (17.96%) and specific gravity (1.1051), while cultivar Bedana had the highest non-reducing sugars (9.72%)”
t0“LITCHI CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Bedana had highest non-reducing sugars.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cultivar Gola had the highest fruit weight (23.54 g), pulp weight (17.16 g), TSS (22.54%), total sugars (21.45%), reducing sugars (17.96%) and specific gravity (1.1051), while cultivar Bedana had the highest non-reducing sugars (9.72%)”
t0“LITCHI CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride alone had no significant effect on most quality variables.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of calcium chloride (CaCl2) alone had no significant effect on most of the quality variables”
t0“LITCHI CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined CaCl2 and Borax increased fruit weight.
- Treatment
- CaCl2 (3%) + Borax (1.5%)e0
- Outcome
- fruit weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20.79e0
- Comparator
- control fruitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CaCl2 + Borax (Na2B4O7·10H2O) application increased the fruit weight (19.87 g), pulp weight (14.88 g) and pulp dry weight (13.76%) in control fruits to the maximum of 20.79, 15.69 g and 15.40% respectively with CaCl2 (3%) + Borax (1.5%)”
t0“LITCHI CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined CaCl2 and Borax increased pulp weight.
- Treatment
- CaCl2 (3%) + Borax (1.5%)e0
- Outcome
- pulp weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15.69 ge0
- Comparator
- control fruitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CaCl2 + Borax (Na2B4O7·10H2O) application increased the fruit weight (19.87 g), pulp weight (14.88 g) and pulp dry weight (13.76%) in control fruits to the maximum of 20.79, 15.69 g and 15.40% respectively with CaCl2 (3%) + Borax (1.5%)”
t0“LITCHI CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined CaCl2 and Borax increased pulp dry weight.
- Treatment
- CaCl2 (3%) + Borax (1.5%)e0
- Outcome
- pulp dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15.40%e0
- Comparator
- control fruitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CaCl2 + Borax (Na2B4O7·10H2O) application increased the fruit weight (19.87 g), pulp weight (14.88 g) and pulp dry weight (13.76%) in control fruits to the maximum of 20.79, 15.69 g and 15.40% respectively with CaCl2 (3%) + Borax (1.5%)”
t0“LITCHI CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 alone did not change three sugar measures.
- Treatment
- CaCl2 alonee0
- Outcome
- total sugars, reducing sugars and non -reducing sugarse0
- Direction
- No variationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No variations were observed in total sugars, reducing sugars and non -reducing sugars of litchi fruit with application of CaCl2 alone”
t0“LITCHI CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined foliar CaCl2 and Borax significantly increased three sugar measures.
Not reportedComparatorOutcome
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which increased significantly with foliar application of CaCl 2 3% + Borax”
t0“LITCHI CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 increased fruit weight versus control.
- Treatment
- CaCl2 applicatione0
- Outcome
- fruit weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20.10 ge0
- Comparator
- control fruitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The planned paired means comparison showed that the least fruit weight (19.87 g), pulp weight (14.88 g) and pulp dry weight % (13.76% ) of control fruits increased significantly to 20.10 g, 14.94 g and 13.93% with CaCl2 application and further to 20.54 g, 15.38 g and 15.08% with CaCl2 + Borax treatments”
t0“LITCHI CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 increased pulp weight versus control.
- Treatment
- CaCl2 applicatione0
- Outcome
- pulp weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 14.94 ge0
- Comparator
- control fruitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The planned paired means comparison showed that the least fruit weight (19.87 g), pulp weight (14.88 g) and pulp dry weight % (13.76% ) of control fruits increased significantly to 20.10 g, 14.94 g and 13.93% with CaCl2 application and further to 20.54 g, 15.38 g and 15.08% with CaCl2 + Borax treatments”
t0“LITCHI CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 increased pulp dry weight % versus control.
- Treatment
- CaCl2 applicatione0
- Outcome
- pulp dry weight %e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13.93%e0
- Comparator
- control fruitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The planned paired means comparison showed that the least fruit weight (19.87 g), pulp weight (14.88 g) and pulp dry weight % (13.76% ) of control fruits increased significantly to 20.10 g, 14.94 g and 13.93% with CaCl2 application and further to 20.54 g, 15.38 g and 15.08% with CaCl2 + Borax treatments”
t0“LITCHI CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 plus Borax further increased fruit weight.
- Treatment
- CaCl2 + Borax treatmentse0
- Outcome
- fruit weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20.54 ge0
- Comparator
- CaCl2 applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The planned paired means comparison showed that the least fruit weight (19.87 g), pulp weight (14.88 g) and pulp dry weight % (13.76% ) of control fruits increased significantly to 20.10 g, 14.94 g and 13.93% with CaCl2 application and further to 20.54 g, 15.38 g and 15.08% with CaCl2 + Borax treatments”
t0“LITCHI CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 plus Borax further increased pulp weight.
- Treatment
- CaCl2 + Borax treatmentse0
- Outcome
- pulp weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15.38 ge0
- Comparator
- CaCl2 applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The planned paired means comparison showed that the least fruit weight (19.87 g), pulp weight (14.88 g) and pulp dry weight % (13.76% ) of control fruits increased significantly to 20.10 g, 14.94 g and 13.93% with CaCl2 application and further to 20.54 g, 15.38 g and 15.08% with CaCl2 + Borax treatments”
t0“LITCHI CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 plus Borax further increased pulp dry weight %.
- Treatment
- CaCl2 + Borax treatmentse0
- Outcome
- pulp dry weight %e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15.08%e0
- Comparator
- CaCl2 applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The planned paired means comparison showed that the least fruit weight (19.87 g), pulp weight (14.88 g) and pulp dry weight % (13.76% ) of control fruits increased significantly to 20.10 g, 14.94 g and 13.93% with CaCl2 application and further to 20.54 g, 15.38 g and 15.08% with CaCl2 + Borax treatments”
t0“LITCHI CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined foliar CaCl2 and Borax gave higher fruit and pulp weights and pulp dry weight than CaCl2 alone.
- Treatment
- CaCl2 + Borax foliar applicatione0
- Outcome
- fruit weight, pulp weight and pulp dry weight %e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- CaCl2 alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fruit weight, pulp weight and pulp dry weight % was significantly higher with CaCl2 + Borax foliar application as compared to CaCl2 alone”
t0“LITCHI CULTIVARS”
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See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.