Abstract
In a greenhouse experiment, an application of 0.25 ppm B to a sandy loam soil resulted in significant yield increases of kernels of wheat, barley, and oats. Yields of barley and wheat decreased at 0.5 ppm applied B, and those of oats at 1 ppm added B. Barley was most sensitive, oats the least, and wheat intermediate to B toxicity. Boron toxicity symptoms in barley were characterized by severe brown spotting and burning of older leaf tips, while in wheat and oats the leaf tips were bleached. A boron concentration of less than 5 ppm in boot stage tissue was in the deficiency range, while a level of 6 to 10 ppm was in the sufficiency range. In wheat and barley, a B concentration of greater than 16 ppm, and in oats of greater than 35 ppm, was indicative of toxicity. The B content of straw proved to be a good indicator for detecting B sufficiency. A survey of fields from Prince Edward Island (P.E.I.) showed a range in B concentration of boot stage tissue from 0.5 to 9.9 ppm in barley, 1.1 to 6.0 ppm in wheat, and 0.5 to 5.8 ppm in oats. Under greenhouse conditions, no response to added Mo was found. Applications of 0.25 to 0.5 ppm Mo to the soil reduced yields of wheat and barley. Optimum levels of Mo in the boot stage tissue were 0.09 to 0.18 ppm in barley and wheat, and 0.22 to 0.28 ppm in oats. Sufficiency levels in kernels were 0.16 to 0.20 ppm for wheat, 0.26 to 0.32 ppm for barley, and 0.33 to 0.50 ppm for oats. In general, Mo concentration of 0.08 to 0.19 ppm in cereal straw was considered to be in the sufficiency range. The Mo concentration of boot stage tissue from survey samples ranged from 0.04 to 0.34 ppm in barley, 0.04 to 2.37 ppm in wheat, and 0.06 to 0.60 ppm in oats.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 0.25 ppm B to sandy loam soil significantly increased wheat kernel yield.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- an application of 0.25 ppm B to a sandy loam soile0
- Outcome
- yield increases of kernelse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Setting
- greenhouse experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a greenhouse experiment, an application of 0.25 ppm B to a sandy loam soil resulted in significant yield increases of kernels of wheat, barley, and oats”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 0.25 ppm B to sandy loam soil significantly increased barley kernel yield.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- an application of 0.25 ppm B to a sandy loam soile0
- Outcome
- yield increases of kernelse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Setting
- greenhouse experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In a greenhouse experiment, an application of 0.25 ppm B to a sandy loam soil resulted in significant yield increases of kernels of wheat, barley, and oats”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 0.25 ppm B to sandy loam soil significantly increased oat kernel yield.
- Taxon
- oats
Avena sativae0 - Treatment
- an application of 0.25 ppm B to a sandy loam soile0
- Outcome
- yield increases of kernelse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Setting
- greenhouse experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a greenhouse experiment, an application of 0.25 ppm B to a sandy loam soil resulted in significant yield increases of kernels of wheat, barley, and oats”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 0.5 ppm B decreased barley yield.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- 0.5 ppm applied Be0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields of barley and wheat decreased at 0.5 ppm applied B, and those of oats at 1 ppm added B”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 0.5 ppm B decreased wheat yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 0.5 ppm applied Be0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields of barley and wheat decreased at 0.5 ppm applied B, and those of oats at 1 ppm added B”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 1 ppm B decreased oat yield.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- 1 ppm added Be0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields of barley and wheat decreased at 0.5 ppm applied B, and those of oats at 1 ppm added B”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley was the most sensitive of the three cereals to boron toxicity, oats the least, and wheat intermediate.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- B toxicitye0
- Direction
- most sensitivee0
- Qualifier
- wheat intermediatee0
- Comparator
- oatse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley was most sensitive, oats the least, and wheat intermediate to B toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron toxicity in barley showed severe brown spotting and burning of older leaf tips.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- Boron toxicity symptomse0
- Qualifier
- severe brown spotting and burning of older leaf tipse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Boron toxicity symptoms in barley were characterized by severe brown spotting and burning of older leaf tips”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron toxicity in wheat bleached the leaf tips.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- leaf tipse0
- Qualifier
- bleachede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in wheat and oats the leaf tips were bleached”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron toxicity in oats bleached the leaf tips.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae0
- Outcome
- leaf tipse0
- Qualifier
- bleachede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in wheat and oats the leaf tips were bleached”
Claim · model-written summary
Boot-stage tissue boron below 5 ppm is in the deficiency range for these cereals.
Verbatim
t0“BORON AND MOLYBDENUM NUTRITION OF WHEAT, BARLEY AND OATS GROWN IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND SOILS”
e0“A boron concentration of less than 5 ppm in boot stage tissue was in the deficiency range”
Claim · model-written summary
Boot-stage tissue boron of 6 to 10 ppm is in the sufficiency range for these cereals.
Verbatim
t0“BORON AND MOLYBDENUM NUTRITION OF WHEAT, BARLEY AND OATS GROWN IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND SOILS”
e0“in boot stage tissue was in the deficiency range, while a level of 6 to 10 ppm was in the sufficiency range”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat boron concentration above 16 ppm indicates toxicity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- B concentratione0
- Value
- greater than 16 ppme0
- Qualifier
- indicative of toxicitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In wheat and barley, a B concentration of greater than 16 ppm, and in oats of greater than 35 ppm, was indicative of toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley boron concentration above 16 ppm indicates toxicity.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- B concentratione0
- Value
- greater than 16 ppme0
- Qualifier
- indicative of toxicitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In wheat and barley, a B concentration of greater than 16 ppm, and in oats of greater than 35 ppm, was indicative of toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Oat boron concentration above 35 ppm indicates toxicity.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae0
- Outcome
- B concentratione0
- Value
- greater than 35 ppme0
- Qualifier
- indicative of toxicitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In wheat and barley, a B concentration of greater than 16 ppm, and in oats of greater than 35 ppm, was indicative of toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw boron content is a good indicator of boron sufficiency.
Verbatim
t0“BORON AND MOLYBDENUM NUTRITION OF WHEAT, BARLEY AND OATS GROWN IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND SOILS”
e0“The B content of straw proved to be a good indicator for detecting B sufficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Under greenhouse conditions, added molybdenum produced no response in these cereals.
Verbatim
t0“BORON AND MOLYBDENUM NUTRITION OF WHEAT, BARLEY AND OATS GROWN IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND SOILS”
e0“Under greenhouse conditions, no response to added Mo was found”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 0.25 to 0.5 ppm Mo to soil reduced wheat yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 0.25 to 0.5 ppm Mo to the soile0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applications of 0.25 to 0.5 ppm Mo to the soil reduced yields of wheat and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 0.25 to 0.5 ppm Mo to soil reduced barley yield.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- 0.25 to 0.5 ppm Mo to the soile0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applications of 0.25 to 0.5 ppm Mo to the soil reduced yields of wheat and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Boot-stage B concentration in Prince Edward Island barley fields ranged from 0.5 to 9.9 ppm.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- B concentration of boot stage tissuee0
- Value
- 0.5 to 9.9 ppme0
- Setting
- Prince Edward Islande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A survey of fields from Prince Edward Island (P.E.I.) showed a range in B concentration of boot stage tissue from 0.5 to 9.9 ppm in barley”