Abstract
Cell elongation in plants is controlled by environmental cues such as light and internal growth regulators including plant steroid hormones, brassinosteroids (BRs). In this study, we found that 3 related receptor-like kinases (RLKs), HERCULES1, THESEUS1, and FERONIA, are transcriptionally induced by BRs and are down-regulated in the loss-of-function BR mutant bri1 and up-regulated in the constitutive BR-response mutant bes1-D. These RLKs belong to the CrRLK family that has 17 members in Arabidopsis. We hypothesize that these RLKs are involved in BR-regulated processes. Although 2 of the RLKs were recently found to mediate male-female interaction during pollen tube reception (FERONIA) and to sense cell wall integrity (THESEUS1), our genetic studies demonstrated that they are required for cell elongation during vegetative growth as herk1 the1 double and fer RNAi mutants displayed striking dwarf phenotypes. The herk1 the1 double mutant enhances the dwarf phenotype of bri1 and partially suppresses bes1-D phenotype, supporting a role of HERK1/THE1 in BR-mediated cell elongation. Microarray experiments demonstrated that these RLKs control the expression of a unique set of genes including those implicated in cell elongation and 16% of the genes affected in herk1 the1 are regulated by BRs. Our results, therefore, identify a previously unknown pathway that functions cooperatively with, but largely independent of the BR pathway to regulate cell elongation. The work establishes a platform to identify other signaling components in this important pathway for plant growth and provides a paradigm to study the coordination of independent pathways in the regulation of a common biological process.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
BRs induced transcription of HERCULES1, THESEUS1 and FERONIA.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Treatment
- BRse0
- Gene
- HERCULES1, THESEUS1, and FERONIAe0
- Outcome
- transcriptionally inducede0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HERCULES1, THESEUS1, and FERONIA, are transcriptionally induced by BRs”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
The three kinase transcripts were down-regulated in bri1.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- bri1e0
- Outcome
- down-regulatede0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“are down-regulated in the loss-of-function BR mutant bri1”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
The three kinase transcripts were up-regulated in bes1-D.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- bes1-De0
- Outcome
- up-regulatede0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“up-regulated in the constitutive BR-response mutant bes1-D”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
The CrRLK family has 17 members in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- CrRLKe0
- Outcome
- memberse0
- Value
- 17 memberse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CrRLK family that has 17 members in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
herk1 the1 double mutants displayed a striking dwarf phenotype.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- herk1 the1 doublee0
- Outcome
- dwarf phenotypese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“herk1 the1 double and fer RNAi mutants displayed striking dwarf phenotypes”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
fer RNAi mutants displayed a striking dwarf phenotype.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- fer RNAie0
- Outcome
- dwarf phenotypese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“herk1 the1 double and fer RNAi mutants displayed striking dwarf phenotypes”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
The double mutant enhanced the bri1 dwarf phenotype.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- herk1 the1 double mutante0
- Outcome
- dwarf phenotypee0
- Direction
- enhancese0
- Comparator
- bri1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The herk1 the1 double mutant enhances the dwarf phenotype of bri1”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
The double mutant partially suppressed the bes1-D phenotype.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- bes1-De0
- Outcome
- bes1-D phenotypee0
- Direction
- suppressese0
- Qualifier
- partiallye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“partially suppresses bes1-D phenotype”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
The kinases controlled a unique gene set including genes implicated in elongation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- RLKse0
- Outcome
- expression of a unique set of genese0
- Qualifier
- including those implicated in cell elongatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these RLKs control the expression of a unique set of genes including those implicated in cell elongation”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
BRs regulated 16% of genes affected in herk1 the1.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- herk1 the1e0
- Outcome
- genes affected in herk1 the1 are regulated by BRse0
- Value
- 16%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“16% of the genes affected in herk1 the1 are regulated by BRs”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify a pathway cooperating with but largely independent of BR signaling in cell elongation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Outcome
- cell elongatione0
- Qualifier
- a previously unknown pathway that functions cooperatively with, but largely independent of the BR pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a previously unknown pathway that functions cooperatively with, but largely independent of the BR pathway to regulate cell elongation”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
The same questions in other papers
class · molecular: expression · Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Positive and negative results
22 papers in the same direction as this paper · 19 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
39 papers more in this group
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