Abstract
Summary P enicillium adametzii significantly inhibited the growth of H eterobasidium annosum sensu stricto on 2% potato dextrose agar after 10 days at 20–25°C. Chloroform extracts from P . adametzii culture filtrate and from culture grown on rice often decreased the dry weight of A rmillaria colony and diameter of H eterobasidion colony in vitro . The effect depended on species and isolate of A rmillaria , H eterobasidion and P . adametzii and concentration of the extract. Higher concentration of chloroform extract increased the dry weight of stems and roots of P inus sylvestris plants inoculated with either of two isolates of A rmillaria ostoyae and one isolate of A rmillaria gallica . Lower concentrations of chloroform extract increased the dry weight of stems and roots of P . sylvestris inoculated with another isolate of A . gallica . Culture filtrate of P . adametzii decreased the length of necrosis on P . sylvestris stem inoculated with either of two of four isolates of H . annosum s.s ., but if applied 1 month before inoculation, it increased the length of necrosis caused by another H . annosum s.s . isolate. Twenty fractions from the P . adametzii chloroform extract were separated by thin layer chromatography. Carboxylic acids, flavonoids and glycosides were detected in chloroform extract of P . adametzii by high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometer analysis. This is the first report of interactions between P . adametzii and either A rmillaria or H eterobasidion with P . sylvestris .
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Penicillium adametzii inhibited Heterobasidion annosum growth on agar.
- Interactor
- H eterobasidium annosum sensu strictoe0pathogen
- Outcome
- growth of H eterobasidium annosum sensu strictoe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“P enicillium adametzii significantly inhibited the growth of H eterobasidium annosum sensu stricto on 2% potato dextrose agar after 10 days at 20–25°C.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroform extracts decreased Armillaria colony dry weight in vitro.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Chloroform extracts from P . adametzii culture filtrate and from culture grown on rice often decreased the dry weight of A rmillaria colony and diameter of H eterobasidion colony in vitro .”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroform extracts decreased Heterobasidion colony diameter in vitro.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Chloroform extracts from P . adametzii culture filtrate and from culture grown on rice often decreased the dry weight of A rmillaria colony and diameter of H eterobasidion colony in vitro .”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher extract concentration increased pine stem and root dry weight when inoculated with Armillaria ostoyae.
- Taxon
- P inus sylvestrise0
- Treatment
- Higher concentration of chloroform extracte0
- Interactor
- A rmillaria ostoyaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- dry weight of stems and rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Higher concentration of chloroform extract increased the dry weight of stems and roots of P inus sylvestris plants inoculated with either of two isolates of A rmillaria ostoyae and one isolate of A rmillaria gallica .”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher extract concentration increased pine stem and root dry weight when inoculated with Armillaria gallica.
- Taxon
- P inus sylvestrise0
- Treatment
- Higher concentration of chloroform extracte0
- Interactor
- A rmillaria gallicae0pathogen
- Outcome
- dry weight of stems and rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Higher concentration of chloroform extract increased the dry weight of stems and roots of P inus sylvestris plants inoculated with either of two isolates of A rmillaria ostoyae and one isolate of A rmillaria gallica .”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower extract concentrations increased pine stem and root dry weight with another Armillaria gallica isolate.
- Taxon
- P . sylvestris
Pinus sylvestrise0 - Treatment
- Lower concentrations of chloroform extracte0
- Interactor
- A . gallica
Armillaria gallicae0pathogen - Outcome
- dry weight of stems and rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lower concentrations of chloroform extract increased the dry weight of stems and roots of P . sylvestris inoculated with another isolate of A . gallica .”
Claim · model-written summary
Penicillium culture filtrate decreased necrosis length on pine stems for two Heterobasidion isolates.
- Taxon
- P . sylvestrisPinus sylvestrise0
- Treatment
- Culture filtrate of P . adametziie0
- Interactor
- H . annosum s.s .
Heterobasidion annosume0pathogen - Outcome
- length of necrosise0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Culture filtrate of P . adametzii decreased the length of necrosis on P . sylvestris stem inoculated with either of two of four isolates of H . annosum s.s .”
Claim · model-written summary
Penicillium culture filtrate applied one month before inoculation increased pine necrosis from another Heterobasidion isolate.
- Taxon
- P . sylvestrisPinus sylvestrise2
- Treatment
- Culture filtrate of P . adametziie1
- Interactor
- H . annosum s.s .Heterobasidion annosume0pathogen
- Outcome
- length of necrosise0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 1 month before inoculatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“if applied 1 month before inoculation, it increased the length of necrosis caused by another H . annosum s.s . isolate.”
e1“Culture filtrate of P . adametzii”
e2“P . sylvestris stem”