Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signals in innate immunity in plants. The radical burst is induced by INF1 elicitin, produced by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans. NO ASSOCIATED1 (NOA1) and NADPH oxidase participate in the radical burst. Here, we show that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades MEK2-SIPK/NTF4 and MEK1-NTF6 participate in the regulation of the radical burst. NO generation was induced by conditional activation of SIPK/NTF4, but not by NTF6, in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. INF1- and SIPK/NTF4-mediated NO bursts were compromised by the knockdown of NOA1. However, ROS generation was induced by either SIPK/NTF4 or NTF6. INF1- and MAPK-mediated ROS generation was eliminated by silencing Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog B (RBOHB), an inducible form of the NADPH oxidase. INF1-induced expression of RBOHB was compromised in SIPK/NTF4/NTF6-silenced leaves. These results indicated that INF1 regulates NOA1-mediated NO and RBOHB-dependent ROS generation through MAPK cascades. NOA1 silencing induced high susceptibility to Colletotrichum orbiculare but not to P. infestans; conversely, RBOHB silencing decreased resistance to P. infestans but not to C. orbiculare. These results indicate that the effects of the radical burst on the defense response appear to be diverse in plant-pathogen interactions.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
MEK2-SIPK/NTF4 and MEK1-NTF6 MAPK cascades participate in radical burst regulation.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianat0 - Gene
- MEK2-SIPK/NTF4 and MEK1-NTF6e0
- Outcome
- regulation of the radical burste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades MEK2-SIPK/NTF4 and MEK1-NTF6 participate in the regulation of the radical burst.”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Conditional SIPK/NTF4 activation induced NO generation in leaves.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- conditional activation of SIPK/NTF4e0
- Gene
- SIPK/NTF4e0
- Outcome
- NO generatione0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Comparator
- NTF6e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NO generation was induced by conditional activation of SIPK/NTF4, but not by NTF6, in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
NTF6 activation did not induce NO generation.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- NTF6e0
- Gene
- NTF6e0
- Outcome
- NO generatione0
- Direction
- note0
- Comparator
- SIPK/NTF4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NO generation was induced by conditional activation of SIPK/NTF4, but not by NTF6, in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
NOA1 knockdown compromised INF1-mediated NO bursts.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- knockdown of NOA1e0
- Gene
- NOA1e0
- Outcome
- INF1- and SIPK/NTF4-mediated NO burstse0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“INF1- and SIPK/NTF4-mediated NO bursts were compromised by the knockdown of NOA1.”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
SIPK/NTF4 induced ROS generation.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- SIPK/NTF4e0
- Gene
- SIPK/NTF4e0
- Outcome
- ROS generatione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ROS generation was induced by either SIPK/NTF4 or NTF6.”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
NTF6 induced ROS generation.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- NTF6e0
- Gene
- NTF6e0
- Outcome
- ROS generatione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ROS generation was induced by either SIPK/NTF4 or NTF6.”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
RBOHB silencing eliminated INF1- and MAPK-mediated ROS generation.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- silencing Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog B (RBOHB)e0
- Gene
- Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog B (RBOHB)e0
- Outcome
- INF1- and MAPK-mediated ROS generatione0
- Direction
- eliminatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“INF1- and MAPK-mediated ROS generation was eliminated by silencing Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog B (RBOHB)”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
SIPK/NTF4/NTF6 silencing compromised INF1-induced RBOHB expression.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- SIPK/NTF4/NTF6-silencede0
- Gene
- RBOHBe0
- Outcome
- INF1-induced expression of RBOHBe0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“INF1-induced expression of RBOHB was compromised in SIPK/NTF4/NTF6-silenced leaves.”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
NOA1 silencing increased susceptibility to Colletotrichum orbiculare.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- NOA1 silencinge0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum orbiculare
Colletotrichum orbicularee0pathogen - Gene
- NOA1e0
- Outcome
- susceptibility to Colletotrichum orbicularee0
- Direction
- induced highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NOA1 silencing induced high susceptibility to Colletotrichum orbiculare but not to P. infestans”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
NOA1 silencing did not increase susceptibility to P. infestans.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- NOA1 silencinge0
- Interactor
- P. infestans
Phytophthora infestanse0pathogen - Gene
- NOA1e0
- Outcome
- P. infestanse0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NOA1 silencing induced high susceptibility to Colletotrichum orbiculare but not to P. infestans”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
RBOHB silencing decreased resistance to P. infestans.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- RBOHB silencinge0
- Interactor
- P. infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Gene
- RBOHBe0
- Outcome
- resistance to P. infestanse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RBOHB silencing decreased resistance to P. infestans but not to C. orbiculare.”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
RBOHB silencing did not decrease resistance to C. orbiculare.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- RBOHB silencinge0
- Interactor
- C. orbiculareColletotrichum orbicularee0pathogen
- Gene
- RBOHBe0
- Outcome
- C. orbicularee0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RBOHB silencing decreased resistance to P. infestans but not to C. orbiculare.”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
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