Abstract
Untreated mung bean hypocotyls produced very little C(2)H(4) but, upon treatment with 10 millimolar Cu(2+) or 10 millimolar Cu(2+) + 10 millimolar Ca(2+), C(2)H(4) production increased 20- and 40-fold, respectively, within 6 hours. This increase in C(2)H(4) production was preceded and paralleled by an increase in 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACC) content, but the level of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) was unaffected, suggesting that the conversion of SAM to ACC is a key reaction in the production of wound-induced C(2)H(4). This view was further supported by the observation that application of aminoethoxyvinylglycine, a known inhibitor of the conversion of SAM to ACC, eliminated the increases in ACC formation and in C(2)H(4) production. A significant increase in C(2)H(4) production was observed in the albedo tissue of orange in response to excision, and it was paralleled by an increase in ACC content. In columella tissue of unripe green tomato fruit, massive increases in the C(2)H(4) production rate (from 0 to 12 nanoliters per gram per hour), in ACC content (from 0.05 to 12 nmoles per gram), and in ACC synthase activity (from 0 to 6.4 units per milligram protein) occurred during the 9-hour incubation period following excision. Infiltration with 0.1 millimolar cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, completely blocked wound-induced C(2)H(4) production, ACC formation, and development of ACC synthase activity. These data indicate that wounding induces the synthesis of ACC synthase, which is the rate-controlling enzyme in the pathway of C(2)H(4) biosynthesis and, thereby, causes accumulation of ACC and increase in C(2)H(4) production.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Copper treatment raised ethylene production 20-fold in mung bean hypocotyls.
- Taxon
- mung bean
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Vigna radiatae0 - Organ / stage
- hypocotylse0
- Treatment
- 10 millimolar Cu(2+)e0
- Outcome
- C(2)H(4) productione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20-e0
- Qualifier
- within 6 hourse0
- Comparator
- Untreatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Untreated mung bean hypocotyls produced very little C(2)H(4) but, upon treatment with 10 millimolar Cu(2+) or 10 millimolar Cu(2+) + 10 millimolar Ca(2+), C(2)H(4) production increased 20- and 40-fold, respectively, within 6 hours.”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper plus calcium raised ethylene production 40-fold in mung bean hypocotyls.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae0
- Organ / stage
- hypocotylse0
- Treatment
- 10 millimolar Cu(2+) + 10 millimolar Ca(2+)e0
- Outcome
- C(2)H(4) productione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 40-folde0
- Qualifier
- within 6 hourse0
- Comparator
- Untreatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Untreated mung bean hypocotyls produced very little C(2)H(4) but, upon treatment with 10 millimolar Cu(2+) or 10 millimolar Cu(2+) + 10 millimolar Ca(2+), C(2)H(4) production increased 20- and 40-fold, respectively, within 6 hours.”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC content rose before and alongside ethylene production, while SAM was unaffected.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Outcome
- 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACC) contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- preceded and parallelede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This increase in C(2)H(4) production was preceded and paralleled by an increase in 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACC) content, but the level of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) was unaffected”
t0“mung bean hypocotyls produced very little C(2)H(4)”
Claim · model-written summary
SAM level was unaffected in the treated mung bean tissue.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Outcome
- level of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)e0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but the level of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) was unaffected”
t0“mung bean hypocotyls produced very little C(2)H(4)”
Claim · model-written summary
Aminoethoxyvinylglycine eliminated the increases in ACC formation and ethylene production.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- aminoethoxyvinylglycinee0
- Outcome
- ACC formation and in C(2)H(4) productione0
- Direction
- eliminatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of aminoethoxyvinylglycine, a known inhibitor of the conversion of SAM to ACC, eliminated the increases in ACC formation and in C(2)H(4) production.”
t0“mung bean hypocotyls produced very little C(2)H(4)”
Claim · model-written summary
Excision significantly increased ethylene production in orange albedo.
- Taxon
- orangee0
- Organ / stage
- albedo tissuee0
- Treatment
- excisione0
- Outcome
- C(2)H(4) productione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“A significant increase in C(2)H(4) production was observed in the albedo tissue of orange in response to excision, and it was paralleled by an increase in ACC content.”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC content increased alongside ethylene production after orange albedo excision.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“A significant increase in C(2)H(4) production was observed in the albedo tissue of orange in response to excision, and it was paralleled by an increase in ACC content.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene production rate in excised unripe tomato columella rose from 0 to 12 nanoliters per gram per hour.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Organ / stage
- columella tissue of unripe green tomato fruite0
- Treatment
- excisione0
- Outcome
- C(2)H(4) production ratee0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 12 nanoliters per gram per houre0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In columella tissue of unripe green tomato fruit, massive increases in the C(2)H(4) production rate (from 0 to 12 nanoliters per gram per hour), in ACC content (from 0.05 to 12 nmoles per gram), and in ACC synthase activity (from 0 to 6.4 units per milligram protein) occurred during the 9-hour incubation period following excision.”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC content in excised unripe tomato columella rose from 0.05 to 12 nmoles per gram.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- excisione0
- Outcome
- ACC contente0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 12 nmoles per grame0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In columella tissue of unripe green tomato fruit, massive increases in the C(2)H(4) production rate (from 0 to 12 nanoliters per gram per hour), in ACC content (from 0.05 to 12 nmoles per gram), and in ACC synthase activity (from 0 to 6.4 units per milligram protein) occurred during the 9-hour incubation period following excision.”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC synthase activity in excised unripe tomato columella rose from 0 to 6.4 units per milligram protein.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- excisione0
- Gene
- ACC synthasee0
- Outcome
- ACC synthase activitye0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 6.4 units per milligram proteine0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In columella tissue of unripe green tomato fruit, massive increases in the C(2)H(4) production rate (from 0 to 12 nanoliters per gram per hour), in ACC content (from 0.05 to 12 nmoles per gram), and in ACC synthase activity (from 0 to 6.4 units per milligram protein) occurred during the 9-hour incubation period following excision.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cycloheximide blocked wound-induced ethylene production, ACC formation and ACC synthase activity development.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- 0.1 millimolar cycloheximidee0
- Outcome
- wound-induced C(2)H(4) production, ACC formation, and development of ACC synthase activitye0
- Direction
- completely blockede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infiltration with 0.1 millimolar cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, completely blocked wound-induced C(2)H(4) production, ACC formation, and development of ACC synthase activity.”
e1“In columella tissue of unripe green tomato fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that wounding induces ACC synthase synthesis, leading to ACC accumulation and ethylene production.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- woundinge0
- Gene
- ACC synthasee0
- Outcome
- C(2)H(4) productione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- rate-controlling enzymee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These data indicate that wounding induces the synthesis of ACC synthase, which is the rate-controlling enzyme in the pathway of C(2)H(4) biosynthesis and, thereby, causes accumulation of ACC and increase in C(2)H(4) production.”
e1“In columella tissue of unripe green tomato fruit”
The same questions in other papers
copper(2+) · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.