Abstract
Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman) is an emerging silk-feeding insect found in fields in the lower Corn Belt and Midsouthern United States. Studies were conducted in 2010 and 2011 to evaluate how silk clipping in corn affects pollination and yield parameters. Manually clipping silks once daily had modest effects on yield parameters. Sustained clipping by either manually clipping silks three times per day or by caging Japanese beetles onto ears affected total kernel weight if it occurred during early silking (R1 growth stage). Manually clipping silks three times per day for the first 5 d of silking affected the number of kernels per ear, total kernel weight, and the weight of individual kernels. Caged beetles fed on silks and, depending on the number of beetles caged per ear, reduced the number of kernels per ear. Caging eight beetles per ear significantly reduced total kernel weight compared with noninfested ears. Drought stress before anthesis appeared to magnify the impact of silk clipping by Japanese beetles. There was evidence of some compensation for reduced pollination by increasing the size of pollinated kernels within the ear. Our results showed that it requires sustained silk clipping during the first week of silking to have substantial impacts on pollination and yield parameters, at least under good growing conditions. Some states recommend treating for Japanese beetle when three Japanese beetles per ear are found, silks are clipped to < 13 mm, and pollination is < 50% complete, and that recommendation appears to be adequate.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Daily manual silk clipping had modest effects on corn yield parameters.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- Manually clipping silks once dailye0
- Outcome
- yield parameterse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manually clipping silks once daily had modest effects on yield parameters.”
t0“Field Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Sustained manual clipping three times daily affected total kernel weight during early silking.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Organ / stage
- early silking (R1 growth stage)e0
- Treatment
- manually clipping silks three times per daye0
- Outcome
- total kernel weighte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sustained clipping by either manually clipping silks three times per day or by caging Japanese beetles onto ears affected total kernel weight if it occurred during early silking (R1 growth stage).”
t0“Field Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Caged Japanese beetles affected total kernel weight during early silking.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- caging Japanese beetles onto earse0
- Interactor
- Japanese beetles
Popillia japonicae0pest - Outcome
- total kernel weighte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“caging Japanese beetles onto ears affected total kernel weight if it occurred during early silking (R1 growth stage)”
t0“Field Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Three daily clips during the first five days of silking affected kernel number, total kernel weight, and individual kernel weight.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Manually clipping silks three times per day for the first 5 d of silkinge0
- Outcome
- number of kernels per ear, total kernel weight, and the weight of individual kernelse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manually clipping silks three times per day for the first 5 d of silking affected the number of kernels per ear, total kernel weight, and the weight of individual kernels.”
t0“Field Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Caged beetle feeding reduced kernels per ear depending on beetle number.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Caged beetlese0
- Interactor
- beetlesColeopterae0pest
- Outcome
- number of kernels per eare0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Caged beetles fed on silks and, depending on the number of beetles caged per ear, reduced the number of kernels per ear.”
e1“Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman)”
t0“Field Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight beetles per ear significantly reduced total kernel weight relative to noninfested ears.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Caging eight beetles per eare0
- Interactor
- beetlesColeopterae0pest
- Outcome
- total kernel weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- noninfested earse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Caging eight beetles per ear significantly reduced total kernel weight compared with noninfested ears.”
t0“Field Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought before anthesis appeared to magnify the impact of beetle silk clipping.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Drought stress before anthesise0
- Interactor
- Japanese beetlesPopillia japonicae0pest
- Outcome
- impact of silk clipping by Japanese beetlese0
- Direction
- magnifye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress before anthesis appeared to magnify the impact of silk clipping by Japanese beetles.”
t0“Field Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Pollinated kernels increased in size, partly compensating for reduced pollination.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- size of pollinated kernelse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compensation for reduced pollination by increasing the size of pollinated kernels within the ear”
t0“Field Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Substantial yield and pollination effects required sustained clipping in the first silking week under good growing conditions.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- substantial impacts on pollination and yield parameterse0
- Qualifier
- under good growing conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“requires sustained silk clipping during the first week of silking to have substantial impacts on pollination and yield parameters, at least under good growing conditions”
t0“Field Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors considered the stated three-beetle treatment threshold adequate.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- Japanese beetlePopillia japonicae0pest
- Outcome
- treating for Japanese beetle when three Japanese beetles per ear are found, silks are clipped to < 13 mm, and pollination is < 50% completee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treating for Japanese beetle when three Japanese beetles per ear are found, silks are clipped to < 13 mm, and pollination is < 50% complete, and that recommendation appears to be adequate”
t0“Field Corn”
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