Abstract
Sunflower seed treatment with fungicides has become regular measure in sunflower seed production. In recent years, along with fungicides seed is treated with appropriate insecticides in order to increase seed quality. This practice in seed production has brought out a problem of treated seed storage. Aim of this research was to determine the effect of different means of storage on field emergence of two sunflower hybrids. The trial was set during 2007 and 2008. Research was done using seed of two sunflower hybrids, developed in Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops from Novi Sad. Effect of storage conditions was carried out partly on seed kept in storage facility and partly on seed kept in chamber with control of temperature. Field emergence was evaluated immediately after pesticide treatment and one year after storage by counting number of emerged plants in the first pair of leaves. Treatments selected for the research were: control (untreated seed), benomyl + metalaxyl, fludioxonil + metalaxyl, fludioxonil + metalaxyl + thiamethoxam and fludioxonil + metalaxyl + imidacloprid. Research data were calculated using analysis of variance of two- factorial split-plot experimental design.Seed of hybrid Baca had the lowest value of field emergence when it was kept on low temperatures regime (73.75%). This value was significantly lower than values for seed sown in short period after treatment (decrease of 8.54%) and seed kept in storage (decrease for 10.95%). Furthermore, field emergence of seed treated with insecticides compared with field emergence of untreated seed (76.59%) was highly significantly lower and compared to treatment 2 (78.67%) significantly lower. Comparison of field emergence of seed submitted to same pesticide treatment and different storage conditions revealed highly significantly lower field emergence, for control and treatment 1, of seed kept in cold chamber. On the contrary, there was no significant difference of the same trait for treatment 2. Evaluated parameter for seed treated with insecticides and kept in cold chamber and storage facility compared to germination of seed sown shortly after treatment was significantly and highly significantly lower, respectively.Seed of hybrid Rimi kept in storage had highest value of field emergence (80.98%) and was highly significantly different compared to other treatments. Field emergence of treatment 4 (77.48%) was highly significant compared to control, treatment 1 and treatment 2 by 6.0, 5.51 and 5.16%, respectively. Under same storage conditions and different chemical treatment control and treatment 2 had highly significantly highest field emergence. Field emergence for seed kept in storage and for treatments 1 and 4 was significantly higher compared to field emergence of non-storage seed, and highly significantly higher than field emergence of seed kept in cold chamber. For treatment 3 there was no significant difference between treatments.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Cold storage gave Baca the lowest emergence, 73.75%.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Material
- Bacae0
- Treatment
- low temperatures regimee0
- Outcome
- field emergencee0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 73.75%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed of hybrid Baca had the lowest value of field emergence when it was kept on low temperatures regime (73.75%).”
t0“Field emergence of differently storaged sunflower seed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Baca cold storage emergence was lower than seed sown soon after treatment.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- low temperatures regimee1
- Outcome
- field emergencet0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 8.54%e0
- Comparator
- seed sown in short period after treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This value was significantly lower than values for seed sown in short period after treatment (decrease of 8.54%)”
t0“Field emergence of differently storaged sunflower seed.”
e1“Seed of hybrid Baca had the lowest value of field emergence when it was kept on low temperatures regime (73.75%).”
Claim · model-written summary
Baca cold storage emergence was lower than facility stored seed.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- low temperatures regimee1
- Outcome
- field emergencet0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 10.95%e0
- Comparator
- seed kept in storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed kept in storage (decrease for 10.95%)”
t0“Field emergence of differently storaged sunflower seed.”
e1“Seed of hybrid Baca had the lowest value of field emergence when it was kept on low temperatures regime (73.75%).”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide treated seed had lower emergence than untreated seed.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- seed treated with insecticidese0
- Outcome
- field emergencee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- 76.59%e0
- Comparator
- untreated seede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“field emergence of seed treated with insecticides compared with field emergence of untreated seed (76.59%) was highly significantly lower”
t0“Field emergence of differently storaged sunflower seed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide treated seed had lower emergence than treatment 2.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- seed treated with insecticidese1
- Outcome
- field emergencet0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- 78.67%e0
- Comparator
- treatment 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared to treatment 2 (78.67%) significantly lower”
t0“Field emergence of differently storaged sunflower seed.”
e1“field emergence of seed treated with insecticides compared with field emergence of untreated seed (76.59%) was highly significantly lower”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold chamber reduced emergence for untreated seed.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- controle0
- Treatment
- seed kept in cold chambere0
- Outcome
- field emergencee0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highly significantly lower field emergence, for control and treatment 1, of seed kept in cold chamber”
t0“Field emergence of differently storaged sunflower seed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold chamber reduced emergence for treatment 1 seed.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- seed kept in cold chambere0
- Outcome
- field emergencee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- treatment 1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highly significantly lower field emergence, for control and treatment 1, of seed kept in cold chamber”
t0“Field emergence of differently storaged sunflower seed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Storage conditions did not significantly differ for treatment 2 emergence.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- treatment 2e0
- Outcome
- field emergencet0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no significant difference of the same trait for treatment 2”
t0“Field emergence of differently storaged sunflower seed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold chamber storage lowered insecticide treated emergence relative to immediate sowing.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- seed treated with insecticides and kept in cold chambere0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- seed sown shortly after treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed treated with insecticides and kept in cold chamber and storage facility compared to germination of seed sown shortly after treatment was significantly and highly significantly lower, respectively”
t0“Field emergence of differently storaged sunflower seed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Facility storage lowered insecticide treated emergence relative to immediate sowing.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- storage facilitye0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- seed sown shortly after treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed treated with insecticides and kept in cold chamber and storage facility compared to germination of seed sown shortly after treatment was significantly and highly significantly lower, respectively”
t0“Field emergence of differently storaged sunflower seed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Stored Rimi seed had the highest emergence.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Rimie0
- Treatment
- kept in storagee0
- Outcome
- field emergencee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 80.98%e0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed of hybrid Rimi kept in storage had highest value of field emergence (80.98%) and was highly significantly different compared to other treatments”
t0“Field emergence of differently storaged sunflower seed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment 4 Rimi emergence exceeded control.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- treatment 4e0
- Outcome
- Field emergencee0
- Value
- 6.0e0
- Qualifier
- 77.48%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field emergence of treatment 4 (77.48%) was highly significant compared to control, treatment 1 and treatment 2 by 6.0, 5.51 and 5.16%, respectively”
t0“Field emergence of differently storaged sunflower seed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment 4 Rimi emergence exceeded treatment 1.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- treatment 4e0
- Outcome
- Field emergencee0
- Value
- 5.51e0
- Comparator
- treatment 1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field emergence of treatment 4 (77.48%) was highly significant compared to control, treatment 1 and treatment 2 by 6.0, 5.51 and 5.16%, respectively”
t0“Field emergence of differently storaged sunflower seed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment 4 Rimi emergence exceeded treatment 2.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- treatment 4e0
- Outcome
- Field emergencee0
- Value
- 5.16%e0
- Comparator
- treatment 2e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field emergence of treatment 4 (77.48%) was highly significant compared to control, treatment 1 and treatment 2 by 6.0, 5.51 and 5.16%, respectively”
t0“Field emergence of differently storaged sunflower seed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Control and treatment 2 had the highest emergence under matched storage.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- field emergencee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- control and treatment 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under same storage conditions and different chemical treatment control and treatment 2 had highly significantly highest field emergence”
t0“Field emergence of differently storaged sunflower seed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Stored treatment 1 Rimi seed emerged better than nonstored seed.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- seed kept in storagee0
- Outcome
- Field emergencee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- treatments 1e0
- Comparator
- non-storage seede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field emergence for seed kept in storage and for treatments 1 and 4 was significantly higher compared to field emergence of non-storage seed”
t0“Field emergence of differently storaged sunflower seed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Stored treatment 4 Rimi seed emerged better than nonstored seed.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- seed kept in storagee0
- Outcome
- Field emergencee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 4e0
- Comparator
- non-storage seede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field emergence for seed kept in storage and for treatments 1 and 4 was significantly higher compared to field emergence of non-storage seed”
t0“Field emergence of differently storaged sunflower seed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Stored treatment 1 Rimi seed emerged better than cold chamber seed.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- seed kept in storagee1
- Outcome
- field emergencee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- seed kept in cold chambere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highly significantly higher than field emergence of seed kept in cold chamber”
t0“Field emergence of differently storaged sunflower seed.”
e1“seed kept in storage (decrease for 10.95%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Stored treatment 4 Rimi seed emerged better than cold chamber seed.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- seed kept in storagee1
- Outcome
- field emergencee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- seed kept in cold chambere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highly significantly higher than field emergence of seed kept in cold chamber”
t0“Field emergence of differently storaged sunflower seed.”
e1“seed kept in storage (decrease for 10.95%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment 3 Rimi emergence did not differ across storage treatments.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- treatment 3e0
- Outcome
- field emergencet0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For treatment 3 there was no significant difference between treatments”
t0“Field emergence of differently storaged sunflower seed.”
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See all 24 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.