Abstract
Summary: Résumé: Zusammenfassung Field studies were conducted in 1988 and 1989 to determine the phenology and growth of broomrape in sunflower as affected by crop sowing dates. The parasitic weed attachment was observed in sunflower plants with 6–7 leaves; later it was found throughout the vegetative and flowering period of the crop. O. cernua seedlings with shoot development extensive but subterranean were mainly observed at the early heading stage of sunflower. At this stage they were beginning to reduce sunflower plant growth as compared with non–parasitized plants. The emergence of broomrape began at the early flowering stage of the crop and was particularly abundant throughout this and the achene–filling stage. Generally, broomrape infection was much less at the first than at the second or third sunflower sowings, and caused less reduction in yield. The duration of the broomrape emergence period increased as sowing date was delayed. Since sunflower yield was higher at earlier sowing dates, early sowing may be recommended for sunflower crops in broomrape–infested areas under mild mediterranean climates. Effet de la date de semis sur les infections d'orobanche (Orobanche cernua Loefl .) en culture de tournesol (Helianthus annuus L .) Des études de plein champ ont été conduites en 1988 et 1989 pour déterminer comment la phénologie et la croissance des orobanches en culture de tournesol étaient affectées par les dates de semis de la culture. Le rattachement de 1'adventice parasite a été observeé chez les plantes de tournesol avec 6–7 feuilles; plus tard il était observé tout au long des périodes végétatives et de floraison de la culture. Des plantules d'O. cernua avec un développement de la tige important mais souterrain ont été principalement observées au stage bourgeon précoce du tournesol. A ce stade elles ont commencé & réquire la croissance du tournesol en comparaison avec des plantes non parasitées. La levée de 1'orobanche a commencé au début du stade de la floraison de la culture et a été particuliérement abondant pendant celle–ci et le stade remplissement des akénes. Généralement, l'infection d'orobanche a été beaucoup moins forte au premier qu'au second et troisiéme semis et a causé des baisses de rendement plus faibles. La durée de la période de levée des orobanches a augmenté quand le semis a été retardé. Puisque le rendement en tournesol a été plus élevé pour les dates de semis précoces, un semis précoce peut être recommandé pour le tournesol en zones infestées par les orobanches sous les climats méditerranéens. Die Bedeutung des Saattermins der Sonnenblume (Helianthus annuus L.) für den Befall mil der Sommerwurz (Orobanche cernua Loefl.) In Feldversuchen wurden 1988 und 1989 die PhÄnologie und das Wachstum der Sommerwurz in Sonnenblumenkulturen untersucht. Der Befall der Sonnenblumenpflanzen wurde im 6‐ bis 7‐Blatt‐Stadium festgestellt, aber auch später in der gesamten vegetativen und generativen Phase der Kulturpflanze. Keimpflanzen der Sommerwurz mit einer kräftigen, aber unterirdischen Sproßentwicklung wurden überwiegend im frühen Stadium der Blütenentwicklung der Sonnenblume beobachtet. In diesem Stadium begann die Wachstumshemmung der Sonnenblume. Zu Beginn der Blüte der Sonnenblume lief die Sommerwurz auf und war während dieses Entwicklungsstadiums und der folgenden Samenbildung besonders häufig anzutreffen. In der ersten Aussaat der Sonnenblume war der Befall allgemein geringer als in der zweiten oder dritten. Mit späterem Saattermin verlängerte sich die Keimungsperiode der Sommerwurz. Nachdem die Sonnenblume bei früherer Saat einem höheren Ertrag brachte, wird für mild‐mediterrane Gebiete mit Befall von Sommerwurz eine frühe Aussaat empfohlen.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Broomrape attachment appeared in sunflower at six to seven leaves and persisted through vegetative and flowering periods.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Organ / stage
- 6–7 leavese0
- Outcome
- parasitic weed attachmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The parasitic weed attachment was observed in sunflower plants with 6–7 leaves; later it was found throughout the vegetative and flowering period of the crop.”
t0“broomrape”
Claim · model-written summary
Subterranean O. cernua seedlings with extensive shoot development occurred mainly at early sunflower heading.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Organ / stage
- early heading stagee0
- Interactor
- O. cernua
Orobanche cernuae0parasite - Outcome
- O. cernua seedlings with shoot development extensive but subterraneane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“O. cernua seedlings with shoot development extensive but subterranean were mainly observed at the early heading stage of sunflower.”
Claim · model-written summary
At early heading, broomrape reduced sunflower growth relative to nonparasitized plants.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- sunflower plant growthe0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Comparator
- non–parasitized plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At this stage they were beginning to reduce sunflower plant growth as compared with non–parasitized plants.”
t0“broomrape”
Claim · model-written summary
Broomrape emerged from early sunflower flowering and was abundant through achene filling.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- early flowering stagee0
- Interactor
- broomrapee0parasite
- Outcome
- emergence of broomrapee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The emergence of broomrape began at the early flowering stage of the crop and was particularly abundant throughout this and the achene–filling stage.”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Broomrape infection was much lower at first sunflower sowing than at second or third sowing.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- firste0
- Interactor
- broomrapee0parasite
- Outcome
- broomrape infectione0
- Direction
- much lesse0
- Comparator
- second or third sunflower sowingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“broomrape infection was much less at the first than at the second or third sunflower sowings, and caused less reduction in yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
First sowing had less broomrape-related yield reduction than later sowings.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- firste0
- Interactor
- broomrapee0parasite
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- less reductione0
- Comparator
- second or third sunflower sowingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“broomrape infection was much less at the first than at the second or third sunflower sowings, and caused less reduction in yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Delaying sowing extended the broomrape emergence period.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- sowing date was delayede0
- Interactor
- broomrapee0parasite
- Outcome
- duration of the broomrape emergence periode0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The duration of the broomrape emergence period increased as sowing date was delayed.”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower yield was higher at earlier sowing dates.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- earlier sowing datese0
- Outcome
- sunflower yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower yield was higher at earlier sowing dates”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend early sunflower sowing in broomrape-infested mild Mediterranean areas.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Interactor
- broomrapee0parasite
- Outcome
- early sowinge0
- Setting
- broomrape–infested areas under mild mediterranean climatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early sowing may be recommended for sunflower crops in broomrape–infested areas under mild mediterranean climates.”
The same questions in other papers
sowing time · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
38 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
49 papers more in this group
See all 53 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.