Abstract
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a powerful tool for reverse genetics in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). However, the irregular distribution of the effects of VIGS hampers the identification and quantification of nonvisual phenotypes. To overcome this limitation, a visually traceable VIGS system was developed for fruit, comprising two elements: (1) a transgenic tomato line (Del/Ros1) expressing Antirrhinum majus Delila and Rosea1 transcription factors under the control of the fruit-specific E8 promoter, showing a purple-fruited, anthocyanin-rich phenotype; and (2) a modified tobacco rattle virus VIGS vector incorporating partial Rosea1 and Delila sequences, which was shown to restore the red-fruited phenotype upon agroinjection in Del/Ros1 plants. Dissection of silenced areas for subsequent chemometric analysis successfully identified the relevant metabolites underlying gene function for three tomato genes, phytoene desaturase, TomloxC, and SlODO1, used for proof of concept. The C-6 aldehydes derived from lipid 13-hydroperoxidation were found to be the volatile compounds most severely affected by TomloxC silencing, whereas geranial and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one were identified as the volatiles most severely reduced by phytoene desaturase silencing in ripening fruit. In a third example, silencing of SlODO1, a tomato homolog of the ODORANT1 gene encoding a myb transcription factor, which regulates benzenoid metabolism in petunia (Petunia hybrida) flowers, resulted in a sharp accumulation of benzaldehyde in tomato fruit. Together, these results indicate that fruit VIGS, enhanced by anthocyanin monitoring, can be a powerful tool for reverse genetics in the study of the metabolic networks operating during fruit ripening.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
The transgenic tomato line showed a purple, anthocyanin-rich fruit phenotype.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Material
- Del/Ros1e0
- Outcome
- purple-fruited, anthocyanin-rich phenotypee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a transgenic tomato line (Del/Ros1) expressing Antirrhinum majus Delila and Rosea1 transcription factors under the control of the fruit-specific E8 promoter, showing a purple-fruited, anthocyanin-rich phenotype”
Claim · model-written summary
The modified VIGS vector restored red fruit after agroinjection of Del/Ros1 tomato.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Del/Ros1e0
- Treatment
- agroinjectione0
- Interactor
- tobacco rattle virusTobacco rattle viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- restore the red-fruited phenotypee0
- Comparator
- Del/Ros1 plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a modified tobacco rattle virus VIGS vector incorporating partial Rosea1 and Delila sequences, which was shown to restore the red-fruited phenotype upon agroinjection in Del/Ros1 plants”
t0“Tomato Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Dissection of silenced tomato fruit areas identified metabolites underlying three genes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- identified the relevant metabolitese0
- Value
- three tomato genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dissection of silenced areas for subsequent chemometric analysis successfully identified the relevant metabolites underlying gene function for three tomato genes, phytoene desaturase, TomloxC, and SlODO1, used for proof of concept.”
Claim · model-written summary
TomloxC silencing most severely affected C-6 aldehydes from lipid 13-hydroperoxidation.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- TomloxC silencinge0
- Gene
- TomloxCe0
- Outcome
- C-6 aldehydes derived from lipid 13-hydroperoxidatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The C-6 aldehydes derived from lipid 13-hydroperoxidation were found to be the volatile compounds most severely affected by TomloxC silencing”
t0“Tomato Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytoene desaturase silencing most severely reduced geranial and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- ripening fruite0
- Treatment
- phytoene desaturase silencinge0
- Gene
- phytoene desaturasee0
- Outcome
- geranial and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-onee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“geranial and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one were identified as the volatiles most severely reduced by phytoene desaturase silencing in ripening fruit.”
t0“Tomato Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
SlODO1 silencing sharply increased benzaldehyde accumulation in tomato fruit.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- silencing of SlODO1e0
- Gene
- SlODO1e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of benzaldehydee0
- Direction
- sharp accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silencing of SlODO1, a tomato homolog of the ODORANT1 gene encoding a myb transcription factor, which regulates benzenoid metabolism in petunia (Petunia hybrida) flowers, resulted in a sharp accumulation of benzaldehyde in tomato fruit.”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · molecular: metabolites · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 49 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
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See all 67 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.