Abstract
Two 2-year field trials were conducted in Nigeria to investigate the effectiveness of tomato intercropped at different times with cowpea or okra in controlling the field densities of cowpea pod-sucking bugs and okra flea beetles. The two experiments were arranged as split-plots within a randomized complete block design. The main plots were 4-week-old tomato seedlings transplanted into a field, with cowpea or okra intercropped at 0, 2 or 4 weeks after transplanting tomatoes, while the two sub-plots were cowpea or okra sole crop and tomato/cowpea or tomato/okra intercrop. The densities of the pod-sucking bugs Clavigralla tomentosicollis , Riptortus dentipes , Anoplocnemis curvipes and Nezara viridula were significantly lower ( P <0·05) on cowpea intercropped at 2 weeks after transplanting tomatoes than those obtained in the sole crop. Similarly, cowpea seed damage was significantly lower ( P <0·05) on cowpea planted at 2 and 4 weeks after transplanting tomatoes than in the monocrop and when cowpea and tomato were planted simultaneously. Cowpea yields were influenced by both time of intercropping and cropping system; in the intercrop, the highest yield was obtained at 2 weeks after transplanting tomatoes. In the tomato/okra intercrop, the numbers of flea beetles ( Podagrica spp.) were significantly influenced ( P <0·05) by cropping system alone; their density was significantly lower ( P <0·05) in the intercrop than in the sole crop irrespective of time of intercropping. Similarly, damage was significantly higher ( P <0·05) in the sole crop than in the intercrop while yield comparable to that of the monocrop was obtained at 2 WAT. The highest land equivalent ratio (LER) for cowpea (1·8 and 1·6) or okra (0·7 and 0·8) was obtained at 2 weeks after transplanting tomatoes in both years. Two weeks after tomato establishment appeared to be the best time to introduce either cowpea or okra into the cropping system.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Densities of the pod-sucking bug Clavigralla tomentosicollis were significantly lower on cowpea intercropped 2 weeks after transplanting tomatoes than in the sole crop.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae0 - Treatment
- cowpea intercropped at 2 weeks after transplanting tomatoese0
- Interactor
- Clavigralla tomentosicollisClavigralla tomentosicollise0pest
- Outcome
- densities of the pod-sucking bugse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- sole crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The densities of the pod-sucking bugs Clavigralla tomentosicollis , Riptortus dentipes , Anoplocnemis curvipes and Nezara viridula were significantly lower ( P <0·05) on cowpea intercropped at 2 weeks after transplanting tomatoes than those obtained in the sole crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Densities of the pod-sucking bug Riptortus dentipes were significantly lower on cowpea intercropped 2 weeks after transplanting tomatoes than in the sole crop.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- cowpea intercropped at 2 weeks after transplanting tomatoese0
- Interactor
- Riptortus dentipese0pest
- Outcome
- densities of the pod-sucking bugse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- sole crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The densities of the pod-sucking bugs Clavigralla tomentosicollis , Riptortus dentipes , Anoplocnemis curvipes and Nezara viridula were significantly lower ( P <0·05) on cowpea intercropped at 2 weeks after transplanting tomatoes than those obtained in the sole crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Densities of the pod-sucking bug Anoplocnemis curvipes were significantly lower on cowpea intercropped 2 weeks after transplanting tomatoes than in the sole crop.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- cowpea intercropped at 2 weeks after transplanting tomatoese0
- Interactor
- Anoplocnemis curvipes
Anoplocnemis curvipese0pest - Outcome
- densities of the pod-sucking bugse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- sole crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The densities of the pod-sucking bugs Clavigralla tomentosicollis , Riptortus dentipes , Anoplocnemis curvipes and Nezara viridula were significantly lower ( P <0·05) on cowpea intercropped at 2 weeks after transplanting tomatoes than those obtained in the sole crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Densities of the pod-sucking bug Nezara viridula were significantly lower on cowpea intercropped 2 weeks after transplanting tomatoes than in the sole crop.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- cowpea intercropped at 2 weeks after transplanting tomatoese0
- Interactor
- Nezara viridula
Nezara viridulae0pest - Outcome
- densities of the pod-sucking bugse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- sole crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The densities of the pod-sucking bugs Clavigralla tomentosicollis , Riptortus dentipes , Anoplocnemis curvipes and Nezara viridula were significantly lower ( P <0·05) on cowpea intercropped at 2 weeks after transplanting tomatoes than those obtained in the sole crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea seed damage was significantly lower on cowpea planted 2 and 4 weeks after transplanting tomatoes than in the monocrop or with simultaneous planting.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- cowpea planted at 2 and 4 weeks after transplanting tomatoese0
- Outcome
- cowpea seed damagee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- and when cowpea and tomato were planted simultaneouslye0
- Comparator
- monocrope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cowpea seed damage was significantly lower ( P <0·05) on cowpea planted at 2 and 4 weeks after transplanting tomatoes than in the monocrop and when cowpea and tomato were planted simultaneously”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea yields were influenced by both time of intercropping and cropping system.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- time of intercropping and cropping systeme0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cowpea yields were influenced by both time of intercropping and cropping system; in the intercrop, the highest yield was obtained at 2 weeks after transplanting tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
In the intercrop, the highest cowpea yield was obtained at 2 weeks after transplanting tomatoes.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- 2 weeks after transplanting tomatoese0
- Outcome
- highest yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cowpea yields were influenced by both time of intercropping and cropping system; in the intercrop, the highest yield was obtained at 2 weeks after transplanting tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
In the tomato/okra intercrop, flea beetle numbers were significantly influenced by cropping system alone.
- Taxon
- okra
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Abelmoschus esculentuse0 - Treatment
- cropping system alonee0
- Outcome
- numbers of flea beetlese0
PodagricaNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In the tomato/okra intercrop, the numbers of flea beetles ( Podagrica spp.) were significantly influenced ( P <0·05) by cropping system alone; their density was significantly lower ( P <0·05) in the intercrop than in the sole crop irrespective of time of intercropping”
Claim · model-written summary
Flea beetle density was significantly lower in the tomato/okra intercrop than in the okra sole crop regardless of intercropping time.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- intercrope0
- Outcome
- densitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- irrespective of time of intercroppinge0
- Comparator
- sole crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the tomato/okra intercrop, the numbers of flea beetles ( Podagrica spp.) were significantly influenced ( P <0·05) by cropping system alone; their density was significantly lower ( P <0·05) in the intercrop than in the sole crop irrespective of time of intercropping”
Claim · model-written summary
Okra damage was significantly higher in the sole crop than in the intercrop.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- intercrope0
- Outcome
- damagee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- sole crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In the tomato/okra intercrop”
e0“damage was significantly higher ( P <0·05) in the sole crop than in the intercrop while yield comparable to that of the monocrop was obtained at 2 WAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Okra yield comparable to that of the monocrop was obtained at 2 weeks after transplanting tomatoes.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- 2 WATe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- monocrope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In the tomato/okra intercrop”
e0“damage was significantly higher ( P <0·05) in the sole crop than in the intercrop while yield comparable to that of the monocrop was obtained at 2 WAT”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest land equivalent ratio for cowpea (1.8 and 1.6 in the two years) was obtained at 2 weeks after transplanting tomatoes.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- 2 weeks after transplanting tomatoese0
- Outcome
- highest land equivalent ratio (LER)e0
- Value
- 1·8 and 1·6e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest land equivalent ratio (LER) for cowpea (1·8 and 1·6) or okra (0·7 and 0·8) was obtained at 2 weeks after transplanting tomatoes in both years”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest land equivalent ratio for okra (0.7 and 0.8 in the two years) was obtained at 2 weeks after transplanting tomatoes.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- 2 weeks after transplanting tomatoese0
- Outcome
- highest land equivalent ratio (LER)e0
- Value
- 0·7 and 0·8e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest land equivalent ratio (LER) for cowpea (1·8 and 1·6) or okra (0·7 and 0·8) was obtained at 2 weeks after transplanting tomatoes in both years”
Claim · model-written summary
Two weeks after tomato establishment appeared to be the best time to introduce cowpea or okra into the cropping system.
- Taxon
- cowpea or okraVigna unguiculataAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Outcome
- best time to introducee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two weeks after tomato establishment appeared to be the best time to introduce either cowpea or okra into the cropping system”
The same questions in other papers
transplanting · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
intercropping · Podagrica · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
intercropping · pest · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
9 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.