Abstract
Drought is considered one of the most acute environmental stresses presently affecting agriculture. We studied the role of exogenous glutathione (GSH) in conferring drought stress tolerance in mung bean (Vigna radiata L. cv. Binamoog-1) seedlings by examining the antioxidant defence and methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification systems and physiological features. Six-day-old seedlings were exposed to drought stress (-0.7 MPa), induced by polyethylene glycol alone and in combination with GSH (1 mM) for 24 and 48 h. Drought stress decreased seedling dry weight and leaf area; resulted in oxidative stress as evidenced by histochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and [Formula: see text] in the leaves; increased lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), reactive oxygen species like H2O2 content and [Formula: see text] generation rate and lipoxygenase activity; and increased the MG level. Drought decreased leaf succulence, leaf chlorophyll and relative water content (RWC); increased proline (Pro); decreased ascorbate (AsA); increased endogenous GSH and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) content; decreased the GSH/GSSG ratio; increased ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities; and decreased the activities of monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and catalase. The activities of glyoxalase I (Gly I) and glyoxalase II (Gly II) increased due to drought stress. In contrast to drought stress alone, exogenous GSH enhanced most of the components of the antioxidant and glyoxalase systems in drought-affected mung bean seedlings at 24 h, but GSH did not significantly affect AsA, Pro, RWC, leaf succulence and the activities of Gly I and DHAR after 48 h of stress. Thus, exogenous GSH supplementation with drought significantly enhanced the antioxidant components and successively reduced oxidative damage, and GSH up-regulated the glyoxalase system and reduced MG toxicity, which played a significant role in improving the physiological features and drought tolerance.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced mung bean seedling dry weight and leaf area.
- Taxon
- mung bean
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatae1 - Treatment
- drought stresse2
- Outcome
- seedling dry weight and leaf areae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress decreased seedling dry weight and leaf area”
e1“mung bean (Vigna radiata L. cv. Binamoog-1) seedlings”
e2“Drought stress decreased seedling dry weight and leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species and lipoxygenase activity.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- drought stresse2
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), reactive oxygen species like H2O2 content and [Formula: see text] generation rate and lipoxygenase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress decreased seedling dry weight and leaf area; resulted in oxidative stress as evidenced by histochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and [Formula: see text] in the leaves; increased lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), reactive oxygen species like H2O2 content and [Formula: see text] generation rate and lipoxygenase activity”
e1“mung bean (Vigna radiata L. cv. Binamoog-1) seedlings”
e2“Drought stress decreased seedling dry weight and leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased methylglyoxal level.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- drought stresse2
- Outcome
- MG levele0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress decreased seedling dry weight and leaf area; resulted in oxidative stress as evidenced by histochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and [Formula: see text] in the leaves; increased lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), reactive oxygen species like H2O2 content and [Formula: see text] generation rate and lipoxygenase activity; and increased the MG level”
e1“mung bean (Vigna radiata L. cv. Binamoog-1) seedlings”
e2“Drought stress decreased seedling dry weight and leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased leaf succulence, chlorophyll and relative water content.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- drought stresse2
- Outcome
- leaf succulence, leaf chlorophyll and relative water content (RWC)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought decreased leaf succulence, leaf chlorophyll and relative water content (RWC)”
e1“mung bean (Vigna radiata L. cv. Binamoog-1) seedlings”
e2“Drought stress decreased seedling dry weight and leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased proline.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- drought stresse2
- Outcome
- proline (Pro)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought decreased leaf succulence, leaf chlorophyll and relative water content (RWC); increased proline (Pro)”
e1“mung bean (Vigna radiata L. cv. Binamoog-1) seedlings”
e2“Drought stress decreased seedling dry weight and leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased ascorbate.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- drought stresse2
- Outcome
- ascorbate (AsA)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased ascorbate (AsA)”
e1“mung bean (Vigna radiata L. cv. Binamoog-1) seedlings”
e2“Drought stress decreased seedling dry weight and leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased GSH and GSSG contents.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- drought stresse2
- Outcome
- endogenous GSH and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased endogenous GSH and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) content”
e1“mung bean (Vigna radiata L. cv. Binamoog-1) seedlings”
e2“Drought stress decreased seedling dry weight and leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased the GSH/GSSG ratio.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- drought stresse2
- Outcome
- GSH/GSSG ratioe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased the GSH/GSSG ratio”
e1“mung bean (Vigna radiata L. cv. Binamoog-1) seedlings”
e2“Drought stress decreased seedling dry weight and leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- drought stresse2
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities”
e1“mung bean (Vigna radiata L. cv. Binamoog-1) seedlings”
e2“Drought stress decreased seedling dry weight and leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased MDHAR, DHAR and catalase activities.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- drought stresse2
- Outcome
- activities of monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and catalasee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased the activities of monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and catalase”
e1“mung bean (Vigna radiata L. cv. Binamoog-1) seedlings”
e2“Drought stress decreased seedling dry weight and leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased glyoxalase I and II activities.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- activities of glyoxalase I (Gly I) and glyoxalase II (Gly II)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activities of glyoxalase I (Gly I) and glyoxalase II (Gly II) increased due to drought stress”
e1“mung bean (Vigna radiata L. cv. Binamoog-1) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous GSH enhanced most antioxidant and glyoxalase components after 24 hours of drought.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- exogenous GSHe0
- Outcome
- components of the antioxidant and glyoxalase systemse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous GSH enhanced most of the components of the antioxidant and glyoxalase systems in drought-affected mung bean seedlings at 24 h”
e1“mung bean (Vigna radiata L. cv. Binamoog-1) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
After 48 hours, GSH did not significantly affect AsA, Pro, RWC, leaf succulence, Gly I or DHAR activity.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- GSHe0
- Outcome
- AsA, Pro, RWC, leaf succulence and the activities of Gly I and DHARe0
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GSH did not significantly affect AsA, Pro, RWC, leaf succulence and the activities of Gly I and DHAR after 48 h of stress”
e1“mung bean (Vigna radiata L. cv. Binamoog-1) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
GSH under drought enhanced antioxidant components and reduced oxidative damage.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- exogenous GSH supplementation with droughte0
- Outcome
- oxidative damagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous GSH supplementation with drought significantly enhanced the antioxidant components and successively reduced oxidative damage”
e1“mung bean (Vigna radiata L. cv. Binamoog-1) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
GSH reduced MG toxicity and improved drought tolerance.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- GSHe0
- Outcome
- MG toxicitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GSH up-regulated the glyoxalase system and reduced MG toxicity, which played a significant role in improving the physiological features and drought tolerance”
e1“mung bean (Vigna radiata L. cv. Binamoog-1) seedlings”
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See all 16 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.