Abstract
Twenty fertilizer treatments of different rates and combinations of N, P, and K were established in young black cherry (Prunusserotina Ehrh.) stands that originated after clear-cutting in northwestern Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Height, diameter, and basal area growth rates and foliar nutrient composition were evaluated annually for 5 years thereafter. Nitrogen alone and P in combination with N produced large increases in height, diameter, and basal area growth. The addition of K to N + P treatments produced no additional response. Growth responses were largest during the first 2 years after fertilization, with increases in height and diameter lasting for 4 to 5 years. In year 1, maximum growth rates were reached with 112 kg N/ha and 49 kg P/ha, but 224 kg N/ha and 49 kg P/ha were necessary to sustain responses in following years. Both seedling and sapling stands responded to fertilization with similar absolute annual increases in height and diameter, though absolute basal area response of saplings exceeded that of seedlings owing to large differences in pretreatment diameters. Nitrogen fertilization increased average foliar N from 2.51 to 3.94% in year 1, but this concentration declined sharply thereafter and was at the control level by year 4. Phosphorus fertilization increased average foliar P from 0.12 to 0.21% in year 1, with further increases through year 5. Potassium fertilization increased average foliar K from 1.01 to 1.21% over the 5-year period, though there was considerable year-to-year variation.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen alone increased height, diameter, and basal area growth.
- Taxon
- black cherry
Prunus serotinat0 - Treatment
- Nitrogen alonee0
- Outcome
- height, diameter, and basal area growthe0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen alone and P in combination with N produced large increases in height, diameter, and basal area growth.”
t0“black cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus combined with nitrogen increased height, diameter, and basal area growth.
- Taxon
- black cherryPrunus serotinat0
- Treatment
- P in combination with Ne0
- Outcome
- height, diameter, and basal area growthe0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen alone and P in combination with N produced large increases in height, diameter, and basal area growth.”
t0“black cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding potassium to nitrogen and phosphorus did not produce an additional growth response.
- Taxon
- black cherryPrunus serotinat0
- Treatment
- addition of Ke0
- Outcome
- responsee0
- Direction
- no additionale0
- Comparator
- N + P treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of K to N + P treatments produced no additional response.”
t0“black cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth responses were greatest in the first two years, while height and diameter increases lasted four to five years.
- Taxon
- black cherryPrunus serotinat0
- Outcome
- Growth responsese0
- Direction
- largeste0
- Value
- first 2 yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth responses were largest during the first 2 years after fertilization, with increases in height and diameter lasting for 4 to 5 years.”
t0“black cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
First-year maximum growth rates occurred with 112 kg N/ha and 49 kg P/ha.
- Taxon
- black cherryPrunus serotinat0
- Treatment
- 112 kg N/ha and 49 kg P/hae0
- Outcome
- growth ratese0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In year 1, maximum growth rates were reached with 112 kg N/ha and 49 kg P/ha”
t0“black cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Sustained responses in later years required 224 kg N/ha and 49 kg P/ha.
- Taxon
- black cherryPrunus serotinat0
- Treatment
- 224 kg N/ha and 49 kg P/hae0
- Outcome
- responsese0
- Direction
- sustaine0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“224 kg N/ha and 49 kg P/ha were necessary to sustain responses in following years.”
t0“black cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling and sapling stands had similar annual increases in height and diameter after fertilization.
- Taxon
- black cherryPrunus serotinat0
- Material
- seedling and sapling standse0
- Treatment
- fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- height and diametere0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both seedling and sapling stands responded to fertilization with similar absolute annual increases in height and diameter”
t0“black cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Saplings had greater absolute basal area response than seedlings.
- Taxon
- black cherryPrunus serotinat0
- Material
- saplingse0
- Outcome
- absolute basal area responsee0
- Direction
- exceedede0
- Comparator
- seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“absolute basal area response of saplings exceeded that of seedlings owing to large differences in pretreatment diameters.”
t0“black cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization raised foliar nitrogen from 2.51 to 3.94% in year one.
- Taxon
- black cherryPrunus serotinat0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- average foliar Ne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3.94%e0
- Qualifier
- from 2.51e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen fertilization increased average foliar N from 2.51 to 3.94% in year 1”
t0“black cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nitrogen then declined to control level by year four.
- Taxon
- black cherryPrunus serotinat0
- Outcome
- this concentratione0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Comparator
- control levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this concentration declined sharply thereafter and was at the control level by year 4.”
t0“black cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus fertilization raised foliar P from 0.12 to 0.21% in year one, with further increases through year five.
- Taxon
- black cherryPrunus serotinat0
- Treatment
- Phosphorus fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- average foliar Pe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.21%e0
- Qualifier
- from 0.12e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus fertilization increased average foliar P from 0.12 to 0.21% in year 1, with further increases through year 5.”
t0“black cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium fertilization raised foliar K from 1.01 to 1.21% over five years, with year-to-year variation.
- Taxon
- black cherryPrunus serotinat0
- Treatment
- Potassium fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- average foliar Ke0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.21%e0
- Qualifier
- considerable year-to-year variatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potassium fertilization increased average foliar K from 1.01 to 1.21% over the 5-year period, though there was considerable year-to-year variation.”
t0“black cherry”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · growth · Prunus serotina (black cherry)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
fertilization · growth · Prunus serotina (black cherry)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.