Abstract
Cover crop mulch and weeds create habitat complexity in agricultural fields that may influence arthropods. Under strip-tillage systems, planting rows are tilled and preestablished cover crops can remain between rows. In field experiments conducted in Michigan in 2010 and 2011, a preestablished oat (Avena sativa L.) cover crop was allowed to grow between rows of strip-tilled cabbage and killed at 0, 9-14, or 21-27 d after transplanting (DAT). The effects of herbicide intensity and oat kill date on arthropods, weeds, and crop yield were examined. Two levels of herbicide intensity (low or high) were used to manipulate habitat vegetational complexity, with low weed management intensity resulting in more weeds, particularly in 2010. Oat kill date manipulated the amount of cover crop mulch on the soil surface. Later oat kill dates were associated with higher natural enemy abundance. Reduced herbicide intensity was associated with (1) lower abundance of several key cabbage (Brassica oleraceae L.) pests, and (2) greater abundance of important natural enemy species. Habitats with both later oat kill dates and reduced herbicide intensity contained (1) fewer herbivores with chewing feeding guilds and more specialized diet breadths, and (2) greater abundance of active hunting natural enemies. Oats reduced cabbage yield when oat kill was delayed past 9-14 DAT. Yields were reduced under low herbicide intensity treatments in 2010 when weed pressure was greatest. We suspect that increased habitat complexity associated with oat mulches and reduced herbicide intensity enhances biological control in cabbage, although caution should be taken to avoid reducing yields or enhancing hyperparasitism.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Later oat kill dates were associated with higher natural enemy abundance in cabbage.
- Taxon
- Cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatat0 - Treatment
- Later oat kill datese1
- Outcome
- natural enemy abundancee1
- Direction
- highere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strip-Tilled Cabbage”
e1“Later oat kill dates were associated with higher natural enemy abundance”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced herbicide intensity was associated with lower abundance of several key cabbage pests.
- Taxon
- CabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- Reduced herbicide intensitye2
- Outcome
- abundance of several key cabbage (Brassica oleraceae L.) pestse2
- Direction
- lowere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strip-Tilled Cabbage”
e2“Reduced herbicide intensity was associated with (1) lower abundance of several key cabbage (Brassica oleraceae L.) pests, and (2) greater abundance of important natural enemy species”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced herbicide intensity was associated with greater abundance of important natural enemy species in cabbage.
- Taxon
- CabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- Reduced herbicide intensitye2
- Outcome
- abundance of important natural enemy speciese2
- Direction
- greatere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strip-Tilled Cabbage”
e2“Reduced herbicide intensity was associated with (1) lower abundance of several key cabbage (Brassica oleraceae L.) pests, and (2) greater abundance of important natural enemy species”
Claim · model-written summary
Habitats with later oat kill dates and reduced herbicide intensity contained fewer herbivores with chewing feeding guilds.
- Taxon
- CabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- later oat kill dates and reduced herbicide intensitye4
- Interactor
- herbivorese4herbivore
- Outcome
- herbivores with chewing feeding guildse4
- Direction
- fewere4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strip-Tilled Cabbage”
e4“Habitats with both later oat kill dates and reduced herbicide intensity contained (1) fewer herbivores with chewing feeding guilds and more specialized diet breadths”
Claim · model-written summary
Habitats with later oat kill dates and reduced herbicide intensity contained herbivores with more specialized diet breadths.
- Taxon
- CabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- later oat kill dates and reduced herbicide intensitye4
- Interactor
- herbivorese4herbivore
- Outcome
- diet breadthse4
- Direction
- more specializede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strip-Tilled Cabbage”
e4“Habitats with both later oat kill dates and reduced herbicide intensity contained (1) fewer herbivores with chewing feeding guilds and more specialized diet breadths”
Claim · model-written summary
Habitats with later oat kill dates and reduced herbicide intensity had greater abundance of active hunting natural enemies.
- Taxon
- CabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- later oat kill dates and reduced herbicide intensitye4
- Interactor
- active hunting natural enemiese6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- abundance of active hunting natural enemiese6
- Direction
- greater abundancee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strip-Tilled Cabbage”
e4“Habitats with both later oat kill dates and reduced herbicide intensity contained (1) fewer herbivores with chewing feeding guilds and more specialized diet breadths”
e6“(2) greater abundance of active hunting natural enemies”
Claim · model-written summary
Low weed management intensity resulted in more weeds, particularly in 2010.
- Taxon
- CabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- low weed management intensitye7
- Outcome
- weedse7
- Direction
- moree7
- Setting
- 2010e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strip-Tilled Cabbage”
e7“with low weed management intensity resulting in more weeds, particularly in 2010”
Claim · model-written summary
Oat kill delayed past 9-14 days after transplanting reduced cabbage yield.
- Taxon
- CabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- oat kill was delayed past 9-14 DATe1
- Outcome
- cabbage yielde1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strip-Tilled Cabbage”
e1“Oats reduced cabbage yield when oat kill was delayed past 9-14 DAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Yields were reduced under low herbicide intensity treatments in 2010 when weed pressure was greatest.
- Taxon
- CabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- low herbicide intensity treatmentse1
- Outcome
- Yieldse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- when weed pressure was greateste1
- Setting
- 2010e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strip-Tilled Cabbage”
e1“Yields were reduced under low herbicide intensity treatments in 2010 when weed pressure was greatest”
Claim · model-written summary
Caution should be taken to avoid reducing cabbage yields or enhancing hyperparasitism when using oat mulches.
- Taxon
- CabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Outcome
- avoid reducing yields or enhancing hyperparasitisme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strip-Tilled Cabbage”
e1“caution should be taken to avoid reducing yields or enhancing hyperparasitism”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased habitat complexity from oat mulches and reduced herbicide intensity may enhance biological control in cabbage.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Outcome
- biological controle1
- Qualifier
- increased habitat complexitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We suspect that increased habitat complexity associated with oat mulches and reduced herbicide intensity enhances biological control in cabbage”
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herbicide · yield · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
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See all 16 papers →transplanting · yield · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 40 in the opposite direction
- positive
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See all 50 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.