Abstract
Mycorrhizal dependency of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa). Abstract — Introduction. Brazil is one of the most important producers of passion fruits. Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may reduce or eliminate the need for phosphate fertilization on this crop. We investigated the response of passion fruit seedlings to inoculation with AMF and phosphorus (P) supply. Materials and methods. A greenhouse experiment was carried out in a factorial design. The seedlings were inoculated with 100 spores per plant of single or mixed AMF inoculum on sterilized or non-sterilized soil which was amended with (11 or 30) mg P 〈 dm -3 soil applied as superphosphate or used unfertilized (4 mg P 〈 dm -3 soil). Relative mycorrhizal dependency (RMD) of passion fruit was estimated for each treatment of inoculation, soil sterilization, and P level, by expressing the difference between the dry mass of mycorrhizal plants and non-mycorrhizal plants as a percentage of the dry mass of mycorrhizal plants. Results. Inoculation was effective only on plants grown in sterilized soil with (4 or 11) mg P 〈 dm -3 soil. Plants were facultatively mycotrophic when associated with AMF and when receiving a supply of 30 mg P 〈 dm -3 soil. Seedlings in unfer- tilized soil with 4 mg P 〈 dm -3 soil were excessively dependent on the mycorrhizal associa- tion. In soil with 11 mg P 〈 dm -3 soil, seedlings were marginally to moderately dependent, depending upon the AMF species used. All inoculated seedlings, without considering soil sterilization, were marginally dependent in soil with 30 mg P 〈 dm -3 soil. In sterilized soil, independently of P, they were moderately dependent. However, in the same soil, with 30 mg P 〈 dm -3 soil, the seedlings were marginally dependent. Discussion - conclusion. The relative mycorrhizal dependency (RMD) of the passion fruit cultivar used was influenced by the species of the inoculated AMF, soil sterilization and soil P level. Passion fruit obtained significant benefit from inoculation with AMF; thus, these fungi can be used to improve plant growth even without P fertilization. Brazil / Passiflora edulis / fertilizer application / phosphate fertilizers / phosphorus / vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae / biomass
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation benefited passion fruit plants only in sterilized soil at 4 or 11 mg P per soil volume.
- Taxon
- passion fruit
Passiflora edulise0 - Treatment
- Inoculatione1
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)e2symbiont
- Outcome
- effectivee1
- Direction
- effectivee1
- Qualifier
- only on plants grown in sterilized soil with (4 or 11) mg P 〈 dm -3 soile1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa)”
e1“Inoculation was effective only on plants grown in sterilized soil with (4 or 11) mg P 〈 dm -3 soil.”
e2“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 30 mg P, AMF-associated passion fruit plants were facultatively mycotrophic.
- Taxon
- passion fruitPassiflora edulise0
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- facultatively mycotrophice1
- Qualifier
- 30 mg P 〈 dm -3 soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa)”
e1“Plants were facultatively mycotrophic when associated with AMF and when receiving a supply of 30 mg P 〈 dm -3 soil.”
e2“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Passion fruit seedlings in unfertilized soil at 4 mg P were excessively dependent on mycorrhiza.
- Taxon
- passion fruitPassiflora edulise0
- Interactor
- AMFe2symbiont
- Outcome
- excessively dependent on the mycorrhizal associa- tione1
- Qualifier
- 4 mg P 〈 dm -3 soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa)”
e1“Seedlings in unfer- tilized soil with 4 mg P 〈 dm -3 soil were excessively dependent on the mycorrhizal associa- tion.”
e2“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 11 mg P, seedling mycorrhizal dependency ranged from marginal to moderate according to AMF species.
- Taxon
- passion fruitPassiflora edulise0
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- marginally to moderately dependente1
- Qualifier
- 11 mg P 〈 dm -3 soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa)”
e1“In soil with 11 mg P 〈 dm -3 soil, seedlings were marginally to moderately dependent, depending upon the AMF species used.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 30 mg P, all inoculated seedlings were marginally mycorrhiza dependent regardless of soil sterilization.
- Taxon
- passion fruitPassiflora edulise0
- Interactor
- AMFe2symbiont
- Outcome
- marginally dependente1
- Qualifier
- without considering soil sterilizatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa)”
e1“All inoculated seedlings, without considering soil sterilization, were marginally dependent in soil with 30 mg P 〈 dm -3 soil.”
e2“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
In sterilized soil, inoculated seedlings were moderately dependent on mycorrhiza independently of phosphorus level.
- Taxon
- passion fruitPassiflora edulise0
- Interactor
- AMFe2symbiont
- Outcome
- moderately dependente1
- Qualifier
- In sterilized soil, independently of Pe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa)”
e1“In sterilized soil, independently of P, they were moderately dependent.”
e2“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
In sterilized soil at 30 mg P, passion fruit seedlings were marginally mycorrhiza dependent.
- Taxon
- passion fruitPassiflora edulise0
- Interactor
- AMFe2symbiont
- Outcome
- marginally dependente1
- Qualifier
- 30 mg P 〈 dm -3 soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa)”
e1“However, in the same soil, with 30 mg P 〈 dm -3 soil, the seedlings were marginally dependent.”
e2“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative mycorrhizal dependency varied with AMF species, soil sterilization and phosphorus level.
- Taxon
- passion fruitPassiflora edulise0
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- relative mycorrhizal dependency (RMD)e1
- Qualifier
- soil sterilization and soil P levele1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa)”
e1“The relative mycorrhizal dependency (RMD) of the passion fruit cultivar used was influenced by the species of the inoculated AMF, soil sterilization and soil P level.”
Claim · model-written summary
Passion fruit gained significant growth benefit from AMF inoculation without phosphorus fertilization.
- Taxon
- Passion fruitPassiflora edulise1
- Treatment
- inoculation with AMFe1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growthe1
- Direction
- improvee1
- Qualifier
- even without P fertilizatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa)”
e1“Passion fruit obtained significant benefit from inoculation with AMF; thus, these fungi can be used to improve plant growth even without P fertilization.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend AMF to improve passion fruit growth without phosphorus fertilization.
- Taxon
- Passion fruitPassiflora edulise1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- these fungi can be used to improve plant growth even without P fertilizatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa)”
e1“Passion fruit obtained significant benefit from inoculation with AMF; thus, these fungi can be used to improve plant growth even without P fertilization.”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.