Abstract
The persimmon ( Diospyros kaki Thunb.) cultivar Triumph is prone to poor fruit set, particularly in young orchards, in both Israel and South Africa where it is mostly grown. Two applications of 20 mg·L −1 gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) at 30% and 70% full bloom (FB) are recommended as the industry norm to increase fruit set, but results obtained are often unsatisfactory. We conducted experiments during the 2005–06 and 2006–07 seasons in a young orchard (less than 5 years old) and a full-bearing orchard to determine the efficacy of GA 3 application and scoring or girdling during FB to increase fruit set and yield in ‘Triumph’ persimmon. We also established the effect of 2005–06 treatments on return bloom in 2006–07. Although GA 3 treatments were ineffective in increasing fruit set and reduced cumulative yield over the two seasons as a result of a reduction in return bloom, scoring increased the cumulative yield by 50% compared with the untreated control and by 92% compared with GA 3 application in the young orchard. In the full-bearing orchard, scoring or girdling increased the cumulative yield over the 2005–06 and 2006–07 seasons by 52% compared with the industry standard GA 3 application and by 22% compared with trees that received scoring/girdling in addition to GA 3 . Hence, scoring or girdling did not entirely offset the negative effect of GA 3 application on return bloom. The increase in fruit numbers in response to fruit set treatment brought about a reduction in fruit mass. In conclusion, the ineffectiveness of GA 3 in increasing fruit set and its negative effect on return bloom do not justify its further use to improve fruit set in young or full-bearing ‘Triumph’ orchards in South Africa. Either scoring or girdling can be used to increase yield but will need to be accompanied by pruning and thinning strategies to achieve adequate fruit size and to prevent the onset of alternate bearing resulting from overcropping.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 did not increase fruit set.
- Treatment
- GA 3 treatmentse0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- ineffective in increasinge0
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
DiospyrosOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA 3 treatments were ineffective in increasing fruit set”
e1“compared with the untreated control”
t0“Persimmon”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 reduced cumulative yield across two seasons through reduced return bloom.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA 3 treatments were ineffective in increasing fruit set and reduced cumulative yield over the two seasons as a result of a reduction in return bloom”
e1“compared with the untreated control”
t0“Persimmon”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 reduced return bloom.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a reduction in return bloom”
e1“GA 3 treatments”
e2“compared with the untreated control”
t0“Persimmon”
Claim · model-written summary
Scoring increased cumulative yield by 50% against untreated control in the young orchard.
- Treatment
- scoringe0
- Outcome
- cumulative yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
- Setting
- young orcharde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“scoring increased the cumulative yield by 50% compared with the untreated control and by 92% compared with GA 3 application in the young orchard”
t0“Persimmon”
Claim · model-written summary
Scoring increased cumulative yield by 92% against GA3 in the young orchard.
- Treatment
- scoringe0
- Outcome
- cumulative yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 92%e0
- Comparator
- GA 3 applicatione0
- Setting
- young orcharde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“scoring increased the cumulative yield by 50% compared with the untreated control and by 92% compared with GA 3 application in the young orchard”
t0“Persimmon”
Claim · model-written summary
Scoring or girdling increased two-season cumulative yield by 52% against GA3 in the full-bearing orchard.
- Treatment
- scoring or girdlinge0
- Outcome
- cumulative yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 52%e0
- Comparator
- industry standard GA 3 applicatione0
- Setting
- full-bearing orcharde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the full-bearing orchard, scoring or girdling increased the cumulative yield over the 2005–06 and 2006–07 seasons by 52% compared with the industry standard GA 3 application”
t0“Persimmon”
Claim · model-written summary
Scoring or girdling alone increased cumulative yield by 22% against scoring or girdling plus GA3.
- Treatment
- scoring or girdlinge1
- Outcome
- cumulative yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 22%e0
- Comparator
- trees that received scoring/girdling in addition to GA 3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and by 22% compared with trees that received scoring/girdling in addition to GA 3”
e1“scoring or girdling increased the cumulative yield”
t0“Persimmon”
Claim · model-written summary
Scoring or girdling did not fully offset the negative return-bloom effect of GA3.
- Treatment
- scoring or girdlinge0
- Outcome
- return bloome0
- Direction
- did not entirely offsete0
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“scoring or girdling did not entirely offset the negative effect of GA 3 application on return bloom”
e1“compared with the untreated control”
t0“Persimmon”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater fruit numbers after fruit-set treatment reduced fruit mass.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in fruit numbers in response to fruit set treatment brought about a reduction in fruit mass”
t0“Persimmon”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend discontinuing GA3 for improving fruit set in Triumph orchards in South Africa.
- Material
- ‘Triumph’e0
- Outcome
- do not justify its further use to improve fruit sete0
- Setting
- South Africae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“do not justify its further use to improve fruit set in young or full-bearing ‘Triumph’ orchards in South Africa”
e1“GA 3 in increasing fruit set”
t0“Persimmon”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend scoring or girdling with pruning and thinning to increase yield while retaining fruit size and limiting alternate bearing.
- Outcome
- scoring or girdling can be used to increase yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Either scoring or girdling can be used to increase yield but will need to be accompanied by pruning and thinning strategies to achieve adequate fruit size and to prevent the onset of alternate bearing resulting from overcropping”
t0“Persimmon”
The same questions in other papers
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4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.