Abstract
Ecological evidence indicates a worldwide trend of dramatically decreased soil Ca(2+) levels caused by increased acid deposition and massive timber harvesting. Little is known about the genetic and cellular mechanism of plants' responses to Ca(2+) depletion. In this study, transcriptional profiling analysis helped identify multiple extracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+) ]ext ) depletion-responsive genes in Arabidopsis thaliana L., many of which are involved in response to other environmental stresses. Interestingly, a group of genes encoding putative cytosolic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+) ]cyt ) sensors were significantly upregulated, implying that [Ca(2+) ]cyt has a role in sensing [Ca(2+) ]ext depletion. Consistent with this observation, [Ca(2+) ]ext depletion stimulated a transient rise in [Ca(2+) ]cyt that was negatively influenced by [K(+) ]ext , suggesting the involvement of a membrane potential-sensitive component. The [Ca(2+) ]cyt response to [Ca(2+) ]ext depletion was significantly desensitized after the initial treatment, which is typical of a receptor-mediated signaling event. The response was insensitive to an animal Ca(2+) sensor antagonist, but was suppressed by neomycin, an inhibitor of phospholipase C. Gd(3+) , an inhibitor of Ca(2+) channels, suppressed the [Ca(2+) ]ext -triggered rise in [Ca(2+) ]cyt and downstream changes in gene expression. Taken together, this study demonstrates that [Ca(2+) ]cyt plays an important role in the putative receptor-mediated cellular and transcriptional response to [Ca(2+) ]ext depletion of plant cells.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Transcriptional profiling identified multiple extracellular calcium depletion responsive Arabidopsis genes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana L.
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Treatment
- extracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+) ]ext ) depletione0
- Outcome
- depletion-responsive genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transcriptional profiling analysis helped identify multiple extracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+) ]ext ) depletion-responsive genes in Arabidopsis thaliana L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Putative cytosolic calcium sensor genes were significantly upregulated.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana L.Arabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- genes encoding putative cytosolic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+) ]cyt ) sensorse0
- Outcome
- genes encoding putative cytosolic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+) ]cyt ) sensorse0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a group of genes encoding putative cytosolic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+) ]cyt ) sensors were significantly upregulated”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracellular calcium depletion stimulated a transient rise in cytosolic calcium.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana L.Arabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- [Ca(2+) ]ext depletione0
- Outcome
- [Ca(2+) ]cyte0
- Direction
- risee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“[Ca(2+) ]ext depletion stimulated a transient rise in [Ca(2+) ]cyt”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana L.”
Claim · model-written summary
External potassium negatively influenced the cytosolic calcium rise.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana L.Arabidopsis thalianae1
- Compound
- [K(+) ]exte0
- Outcome
- [Ca(2+) ]cyte0
- Direction
- negatively influencede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“[Ca(2+) ]cyt that was negatively influenced by [K(+) ]ext”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The cytosolic calcium response was significantly desensitized after initial extracellular calcium depletion.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana L.Arabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- [Ca(2+) ]ext depletione0
- Outcome
- [Ca(2+) ]cyt responsee0
- Direction
- desensitizede0
- Comparator
- initial treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The [Ca(2+) ]cyt response to [Ca(2+) ]ext depletion was significantly desensitized after the initial treatment”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana L.”
Claim · model-written summary
An animal calcium sensor antagonist did not alter the cytosolic calcium response.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana L.Arabidopsis thalianae2
- Treatment
- animal Ca(2+) sensor antagoniste0
- Outcome
- [Ca(2+) ]cyt responsee1
- Direction
- insensitivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The response was insensitive to an animal Ca(2+) sensor antagonist”
e1“The [Ca(2+) ]cyt response to [Ca(2+) ]ext depletion”
e2“Arabidopsis thaliana L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Neomycin suppressed the cytosolic calcium response.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana L.Arabidopsis thalianae2
- Treatment
- neomycine0
- Outcome
- [Ca(2+) ]cyt responsee1
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was suppressed by neomycin, an inhibitor of phospholipase C”
e1“The [Ca(2+) ]cyt response to [Ca(2+) ]ext depletion”
e2“Arabidopsis thaliana L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Gd(3+) suppressed the extracellular calcium depletion triggered cytosolic calcium rise and downstream gene expression changes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana L.Arabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- Gd(3+)e0
- Outcome
- [Ca(2+) ]ext -triggered rise in [Ca(2+) ]cyt and downstream changes in gene expressione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gd(3+) , an inhibitor of Ca(2+) channels, suppressed the [Ca(2+) ]ext -triggered rise in [Ca(2+) ]cyt and downstream changes in gene expression”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana L.”
The same questions in other papers
calcium(2+) · nutrient: content · Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
biocontrol · nutrient: content · Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.