Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is an important food crop in the tropics that has a high growth rate in optimal conditions, but also performs well in drought-prone climates. The objectives of this work were to determine the effects of water deficit and rewatering on the rate of expansion of leaves at different developmental stages and to evaluate the extent to which decreases in cell proliferation, expansion, and delay in development are responsible for reduced growth. METHODS: Glasshouse-grown cassava plants were subjected to 8 d of water deficit followed by rewatering. Leaves at 15 developmental stages from nearly full size to meristematic were sampled, and epidermal cell size and number were measured on leaves at four developmental stages. KEY RESULTS: Leaf expansion and development were nearly halted during stress but resumed vigorously after rewatering. In advanced-stage leaves (Group 1) in which development was solely by cell expansion, expansion resumed after rewatering, but not sufficiently for cell size to equal that of controls at maturity. In Group 2 (cell proliferation), relative expansion rate and cell proliferation were delayed until rewatering, but then recovered partially, so that loss of leaf area was due to decreased cell numbers per leaf. In Group 3 (early meristematic development) final leaf area was not affected by stress, but development was delayed by 4-6 d. On a plant basis, the proportion of loss of leaf area over 26 d attributed to leaves at each developmental stage was 29, 50 and 21 % in Group 1, 2 and 3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although cell growth processes were sensitive to mild water deficit, they recovered to a large extent, and much of the reduction in leaf area was caused by developmental delay and a reduction in cell division in the youngest, meristematic leaves.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit nearly halted cassava leaf expansion and development.
- Taxon
- Cassava
Manihot esculentat0 - Treatment
- stresse0
- Outcome
- Leaf expansion and developmente0
- Direction
- nearly haltede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cassava Leaf Area Expansion”
e0“Leaf expansion and development were nearly halted during stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Cassava leaf expansion and development resumed vigorously after rewatering.
- Taxon
- CassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- rewateringe0
- Outcome
- Leaf expansion and developmente0
- Direction
- resumed vigorouslye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cassava Leaf Area Expansion”
e0“Leaf expansion and development were nearly halted during stress but resumed vigorously after rewatering”
Claim · model-written summary
In advanced-stage cassava leaves, expansion resumed after rewatering but mature cell size remained below controls.
- Taxon
- CassavaManihot esculentat0
- Organ / stage
- advanced-stage leaves (Group 1)e0
- Treatment
- rewateringe0
- Outcome
- cell sizee0
- Direction
- not sufficiently for cell size to equale0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cassava Leaf Area Expansion”
e0“In advanced-stage leaves (Group 1) in which development was solely by cell expansion, expansion resumed after rewatering, but not sufficiently for cell size to equal that of controls at maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
In Group 2 cassava leaves, relative expansion rate and cell proliferation were delayed until rewatering and then recovered partly.
- Taxon
- CassavaManihot esculentat0
- Organ / stage
- Group 2e0
- Treatment
- rewateringe0
- Outcome
- relative expansion rate and cell proliferatione0
- Direction
- were delayede0
- Qualifier
- recovered partiallye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cassava Leaf Area Expansion”
e0“In Group 2 (cell proliferation), relative expansion rate and cell proliferation were delayed until rewatering, but then recovered partially”
Claim · model-written summary
Loss of leaf area in Group 2 cassava leaves was attributed to fewer cells per leaf.
- Taxon
- CassavaManihot esculentat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- loss of leaf areae0
- Qualifier
- decreased cell numbers per leafe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cassava Leaf Area Expansion”
e0“loss of leaf area was due to decreased cell numbers per leaf”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress did not affect final leaf area in early meristematic Group 3 cassava leaves.
- Taxon
- CassavaManihot esculentat0
- Organ / stage
- Group 3 (early meristematic development)e0
- Treatment
- stresse0
- Outcome
- final leaf areae0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cassava Leaf Area Expansion”
e0“In Group 3 (early meristematic development) final leaf area was not affected by stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress delayed development of early meristematic Group 3 cassava leaves by 4-6 d.
- Taxon
- CassavaManihot esculentat0
- Organ / stage
- Group 3 (early meristematic development)e0
- Treatment
- stresse0
- Outcome
- developmente0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Value
- 4-6 de0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cassava Leaf Area Expansion”
e0“In Group 3 (early meristematic development) final leaf area was not affected by stress, but development was delayed by 4-6 d”
Claim · model-written summary
Group 1 leaves accounted for 29% of cassava plant leaf-area loss over 26 d.
- Taxon
- CassavaManihot esculentat0
- Organ / stage
- Group 1e0
- Outcome
- proportion of loss of leaf areae0
- Value
- 29e0
- Qualifier
- over 26 de0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cassava Leaf Area Expansion”
e0“On a plant basis, the proportion of loss of leaf area over 26 d attributed to leaves at each developmental stage was 29, 50 and 21 % in Group 1, 2 and 3, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Group 2 leaves accounted for 50% of cassava plant leaf-area loss over 26 d.
- Taxon
- CassavaManihot esculentat0
- Organ / stage
- Group 2e1
- Outcome
- proportion of loss of leaf areae0
- Value
- 50e0
- Qualifier
- over 26 de0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cassava Leaf Area Expansion”
e0“On a plant basis, the proportion of loss of leaf area over 26 d attributed to leaves at each developmental stage was 29, 50 and 21 % in Group 1, 2 and 3, respectively”
e1“In Group 2 (cell proliferation), relative expansion rate and cell proliferation were delayed until rewatering, but then recovered partially”
Claim · model-written summary
Group 3 leaves accounted for 21% of cassava plant leaf-area loss over 26 d.
- Taxon
- CassavaManihot esculentat0
- Organ / stage
- Group 3e1
- Outcome
- proportion of loss of leaf areae0
- Value
- 21 %e0
- Qualifier
- over 26 de0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cassava Leaf Area Expansion”
e0“On a plant basis, the proportion of loss of leaf area over 26 d attributed to leaves at each developmental stage was 29, 50 and 21 % in Group 1, 2 and 3, respectively”
e1“In Group 3 (early meristematic development) final leaf area was not affected by stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed much cassava leaf-area reduction to developmental delay and reduced cell division in young meristematic leaves.
- Taxon
- CassavaManihot esculentat0
- Organ / stage
- youngest, meristematic leavese0
- Outcome
- reduction in leaf areae0
- Qualifier
- developmental delay and a reduction in cell divisione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cassava Leaf Area Expansion”
e0“much of the reduction in leaf area was caused by developmental delay and a reduction in cell division in the youngest, meristematic leaves”
The same questions in other papers
rewatering · growth · Manihot esculenta (cassava)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.