Abstract
Recessive mutations at three loci cause the collapse of mature xylem cells in inflorescence stems of Arabidopsis. These irregular xylem (irx) mutations were identified by screening plants from a mutagenized population by microscopic examination of stem sections. The xylem cell defect was associated with an up to eightfold reduction in the total amount of cellulose in mature inflorescence stems. The amounts of cell wall-associated phenolics and polysaccharides were unaffected by the mutations. Examination of the cell walls by using electron microscopy demonstrated that the decreases in cellulose content of irx lines resulted in an alteration of the spatial organization of cell wall material. This suggests that a normal pattern of cellulose deposition may be required for assembly of lignin or polysaccharides. The reduced cellulose content of the stems also resulted in a decrease in stiffness of the stem material. This is consistent with the irregular xylem phenotype and suggests that the walls of irx plants are not resistant to compressive forces. Because lignin was implicated previously as a major factor in resistance to compressive forces, these results suggest either that cellulose has a direct role in providing resistance to compressive forces or that it is required for the development of normal lignin structure. The irx plants had a slight reduction in growth rate and stature but were otherwise normal in appearance. The mutations should be useful in facilitating the identification of factors that control the synthesis and deposition of cellulose and other cell wall components.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Recessive mutations at three loci caused collapse of mature Arabidopsis xylem cells.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Organ / stage
- inflorescence stemse0
- Gene
- three locie0
- Outcome
- collapse of mature xylem cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Recessive mutations at three loci cause the collapse of mature xylem cells in inflorescence stems of Arabidopsis.”
Claim · model-written summary
The irx lines had up to an eightfold reduction in stem cellulose.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- irxe1
- Organ / stage
- mature inflorescence stemse0
- Outcome
- total amount of cellulosee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- up to eightfolde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“xylem cell defect was associated with an up to eightfold reduction in the total amount of cellulose in mature inflorescence stems”
t0“Collapsed xylem phenotype of Arabidopsis”
e1“decreases in cellulose content of irx lines resulted in an alteration of the spatial organization of cell wall material”
Claim · model-written summary
The mutations did not change cell-wall phenolic amounts.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- mutationse0
- Outcome
- cell wall-associated phenolicse0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amounts of cell wall-associated phenolics and polysaccharides were unaffected by the mutations.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The mutations did not change cell-wall polysaccharide amounts.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- mutationse0
- Outcome
- polysaccharidese0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amounts of cell wall-associated phenolics and polysaccharides were unaffected by the mutations.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced cellulose changed the spatial organization of wall material in irx lines.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- irx linese0
- Outcome
- spatial organization of cell wall materiale0
- Qualifier
- decreases in cellulose contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreases in cellulose content of irx lines resulted in an alteration of the spatial organization of cell wall material”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Normal cellulose deposition may be required to assemble lignin or polysaccharides.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- assembly of lignin or polysaccharidese0
- Qualifier
- normal pattern of cellulose depositione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a normal pattern of cellulose deposition may be required for assembly of lignin or polysaccharides”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced cellulose content decreased stem stiffness.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- stiffness of the stem materiale0
- Qualifier
- reduced cellulose contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced cellulose content of the stems also resulted in a decrease in stiffness of the stem material”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that irx walls fail to resist compressive forces.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- irx plantse0
- Outcome
- resistant to compressive forcese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“walls of irx plants are not resistant to compressive forces”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Cellulose may directly provide resistance to compressive forces.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- resistance to compressive forcese0
- Qualifier
- cellulose has a direct rolee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cellulose has a direct role in providing resistance to compressive forces”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Cellulose may be needed to develop normal lignin structure.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- development of normal lignin structuree0
- Qualifier
- it is requirede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it is required for the development of normal lignin structure”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
irx plants grew slightly more slowly and were shorter.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- irx plantse0
- Outcome
- growth rate and staturee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- slighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The irx plants had a slight reduction in growth rate and stature”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
irx plants were otherwise normal in appearance.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- normal in appearancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were otherwise normal in appearance”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors expect irx mutations to help identify control factors for cell-wall synthesis and deposition.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- identification of factors that control the synthesis and deposition of cellulose and other cell wall componentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mutations should be useful in facilitating the identification of factors that control the synthesis and deposition of cellulose and other cell wall components.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
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See all 179 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.