Abstract
Diquat was applied at 0.3 kg (a.i.)/ha to sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) at various stages of maturity in a 3-yr study to determine its effects on some agronomic and quality characteristics. The applications effectively hastened drying of the leaves and heads but stem drying was variable. Achene drying depended largely on the weather, with good advancement in some instances, but little advancement under cool, damp weather conditions. Advancement in harvest date by the treatments, taking into account both seed and plant drying, ranged from 0 to 26 days. Application made before physiological maturity reduced yield, oil content, 1000-achene weight, test weight and protein content of the meal. Fatty acid composition was also affected but to a lesser extent. There was no effect on achene germination. Applications made after the moisture content of the achenes had dropped below 45% did not appear to have any detrimental effects on achene yield or quality.Key words: Sunflower, desiccation, diquat
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Diquat applied before physiological maturity reduced sunflower yield, oil content and 1000-achene weight.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- Diquate0
- Outcome
- yield, oil content, 1000-achene weighte1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- before physiological maturitye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diquat was applied at 0.3 kg (a.i.)/ha to sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e1“Application made before physiological maturity reduced yield, oil content, 1000-achene weight, test weight and protein content of the meal”
Claim · model-written summary
Diquat applied before physiological maturity reduced test weight and protein content of the sunflower meal.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Diquate0
- Outcome
- test weight and protein content of the meale1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- before physiological maturitye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diquat was applied at 0.3 kg (a.i.)/ha to sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e1“Application made before physiological maturity reduced yield, oil content, 1000-achene weight, test weight and protein content of the meal”
Claim · model-written summary
Diquat effectively hastened drying of sunflower leaves and heads.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Diquate0
- Outcome
- drying of the leaves and headse2
- Direction
- hastenede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diquat was applied at 0.3 kg (a.i.)/ha to sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e2“The applications effectively hastened drying of the leaves and heads but stem drying was variable”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem drying of sunflower after diquat application was variable.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- stem dryinge2
- Qualifier
- variablee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diquat was applied at 0.3 kg (a.i.)/ha to sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e2“The applications effectively hastened drying of the leaves and heads but stem drying was variable”
Claim · model-written summary
Achene drying of sunflower depended largely on the weather.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- Achene dryinge3
- Setting
- cool, damp weather conditionse3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diquat was applied at 0.3 kg (a.i.)/ha to sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e3“Achene drying depended largely on the weather, with good advancement in some instances, but little advancement under cool, damp weather conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Advancement of achene drying was little under cool, damp weather conditions.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- advancemente3
- Qualifier
- cool, damp weather conditionse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diquat was applied at 0.3 kg (a.i.)/ha to sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e3“Achene drying depended largely on the weather, with good advancement in some instances, but little advancement under cool, damp weather conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Diquat advanced harvest date by 0 to 26 days, depending on the treatments.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- Advancement in harvest datee4
- Value
- 0 to 26 dayse4
- Qualifier
- by the treatmentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diquat was applied at 0.3 kg (a.i.)/ha to sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e4“Advancement in harvest date by the treatments, taking into account both seed and plant drying, ranged from 0 to 26 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Diquat had no effect on sunflower achene germination.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Diquate0
- Outcome
- achene germinatione5
- Direction
- no effecte5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diquat was applied at 0.3 kg (a.i.)/ha to sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e5“There was no effect on achene germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Diquat applied after achenes dropped below 45% moisture did not appear to have detrimental effects on achene yield or quality.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Applications made after the moisture content of the achenes had dropped below 45%e6
- Outcome
- achene yield or qualitye6
- Direction
- did not appear to have any detrimental effectse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diquat was applied at 0.3 kg (a.i.)/ha to sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e6“Applications made after the moisture content of the achenes had dropped below 45% did not appear to have any detrimental effects on achene yield or quality”
The same questions in other papers
soil water · quality: general · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.