Abstract
During the 2005 tomato-growing (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) season, an apparent bacterial disease with cankers on the stems and bird's eye lesions on the fruit appeared in commercial fields and greenhouses in the San Quintin and San Simon areas (a 60-mile long coastal plain) near the central region of the Baja California Peninsula of Mexico. The disease was found in midseason, especially when plants were flowering, and the mature and ripe stage. Incidence ranged from 4 to 46%, which represented an important loss in field and greenhouse production. Symptomatic plants showed reddish brown cavities in the stem, discoloration, and water soaking of vascular tissue. Diseased tissues were washed with phosphate buffer and placed on semiselective Clavibacter medium (SCM) (1), and a gram-positive, nonmotile, nonspore-forming, aerobic, curved rod bacterium was consistently isolated and morphologically characterized. Twenty-eight isolates were identified as Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology with primers CMM5/CMM6 to amplify a fragment of approximately 6.2 kb (2). The isolates were also identified by REP-PCR (repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR) genomic fingerprinting techniques (3) with REP and BOX primer sets (4). Pathogenicity tests consisting of three replicates of 4-week-old tomato seedlings (cv. Tequila) were performed by spraying (twice, 2 days apart) inocula at 10 8 CFU/ml. Control seedlings were sprayed with sterile water. Inoculated plants previously covered in polyethylene bags were incubated in a growth chamber at 25°C for 48 h. Within 3 weeks, symptoms of reddish-brown cavities, water-soaked lesions, and asymmetrical wilting appeared on inoculated plants and were similar to those symptoms observed in the field. No symptoms were observed on control plants. Confirmation of the causal agent was done by culturing the bacteria on SCM and PCR analysis. Occurrence of the disease in San Quintin Valley is relevant because the disease is one of the five most serious tomato diseases in the peninsula. Moreover, the potential spread of the pathogen by tomato seedlings represents a permanent risk to other pathogen-free areas in the peninsula. Although bacterial canker has been observed in Baja California (Punta Colonet, Vicente Guerrero, San Quintin, and San Simon), to our knowledge, this is the first confirmation of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in Baja, Mexico. References: (1). C. Alarcon et al. Phytopathology 88:306, 1998. (2) J. Dreier et al. Phytopathology 85:462, 1995. (3) F. J. Louws et al. Phytopathology 88:862, 1998. (4) J. Versalovic et al. Methods Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:25, 1994.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial disease with stem cankers and fruit lesions appeared in tomato fields and greenhouses.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Outcome
- bacterial disease with cankers on the stems and bird's eye lesions on the fruite0
- Setting
- San Quintin and San Simon arease0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the 2005 tomato-growing (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) season, an apparent bacterial disease with cankers on the stems and bird's eye lesions on the fruit appeared in commercial fields and greenhouses in the San Quintin and San Simon areas”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease incidence ranged from 4 to 46%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- Incidencee0
- Value
- 4 to 46%e0
- Setting
- field and greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Incidence ranged from 4 to 46%, which represented an important loss in field and greenhouse production.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Symptoms included cavities, discoloration and water soaking of vascular tissue.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- reddish brown cavities in the stem, discoloration, and water soaking of vascular tissuee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Symptomatic plants showed reddish brown cavities in the stem, discoloration, and water soaking of vascular tissue.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The pathogen was consistently isolated from diseased tomato tissue.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- curved rod bacterium was consistently isolatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a gram-positive, nonmotile, nonspore-forming, aerobic, curved rod bacterium was consistently isolated and morphologically characterized.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
PCR identified 28 isolates as Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensise0pathogen - Outcome
- isolates were identified as Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensise0
- Value
- Twenty-eight isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Twenty-eight isolates were identified as Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
REP-PCR also identified the isolates.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- isolates were also identified by REP-PCRe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The isolates were also identified by REP-PCR (repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR) genomic fingerprinting techniques”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated tomato seedlings developed field-like lesions and wilting within three weeks.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- cv. Tequilae1
- Treatment
- spraying (twice, 2 days apart) inocula at 10 8 CFU/mle1
- Outcome
- symptoms of reddish-brown cavities, water-soaked lesions, and asymmetrical wiltinge0
- Qualifier
- Within 3 weekse0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Within 3 weeks, symptoms of reddish-brown cavities, water-soaked lesions, and asymmetrical wilting appeared on inoculated plants and were similar to those symptoms observed in the field. No symptoms were observed on control plants.”
e1“Pathogenicity tests consisting of three replicates of 4-week-old tomato seedlings (cv. Tequila) were performed by spraying (twice, 2 days apart) inocula at 10 8 CFU/ml.”
Claim · model-written summary
The causal agent was confirmed through culture and PCR.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- Confirmation of the causal agente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Confirmation of the causal agent was done by culturing the bacteria on SCM and PCR analysis.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors report the first confirmation of the pathogen in Baja, Mexico.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensise0pathogen
- Outcome
- first confirmation of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensise0
- Setting
- Baja, Mexicoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to our knowledge, this is the first confirmation of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in Baja, Mexico.”
t0“Tomato”
The same questions in other papers
application · disease · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 134 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
146 papers more in this group
See all 150 papers →inoculation · disease · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
129 papers in the same direction as this paper · 136 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
262 papers more in this group
See all 266 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.