Paper · 1953 · Soil Science Society of America Journal

Stubble‐Mulch Tillage in New York

George R. Free

6
claims
10
verbatim quotes
13
citations
1
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to report on progress made in adapting stubble‐mulch tillage for use under the cool, humid conditions of New York State. Comparisons of stubble‐mulch plowing and disking with turn plowing over a period of 7 years in New York State have been presented and discussed. Over most of the period, and for all crops studied except hay, both kinds of stubble‐mulch tillage resulted in significantly lower yields than those resulting from turn plowing. During the last year of the comparison, however, an improved technique of stubble‐mulch plowing using an improvised plow operating on the tandem and double‐cut principle gave results fully as satisfactory as turn plowing. Soil penetrometer and moisture data showed that the new stubble‐mulch plowing technique produced a seedbed as loose as that obtained by turn plowing and also resulted in moisture conservation through concentration of crop residues on the surface. At the same time, there were indications that disking resulted in a seedbed more difficult to penetrate with the penetrometer and also one from which moisture was used inefficiently for crop production and lost by excessive evaporation regardless of the presence of a residue mulch.

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Claims 6

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Both stubble-mulch approaches significantly reduced yields for crops other than hay.

Taxon
cropse1
Treatment
both kinds of stubble‐mulch tillagee0
Outcome
yieldse0
Direction
lowere0
Qualifier
except haye1
Comparator
turn plowinge0

Verbatim

e0

“both kinds of stubble‐mulch tillage resulted in significantly lower yields than those resulting from turn plowing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 367–480 · show in text ↑
e1

“Over most of the period, and for all crops studied except hay, both kinds of stubble‐mulch tillage resulted in significantly lower yields than those resulting from turn plowing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 304–480 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Improved stubble-mulch plowing performed as satisfactorily as turn plowing in the last year.

Taxon
cropse1
Treatment
improved technique of stubble‐mulch plowinge0
Outcome
results fully as satisfactorye0
Direction
fully as satisfactorye0
Comparator
turn plowinge0

Verbatim

e0

“an improved technique of stubble‐mulch plowing using an improvised plow operating on the tandem and double‐cut principle gave results fully as satisfactory as turn plowing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 531–702 · show in text ↑
e1

“Over most of the period, and for all crops studied except hay, both kinds of stubble‐mulch tillage resulted in significantly lower yields than those resulting from turn plowing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 304–480 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Improved stubble-mulch plowing made a seedbed as loose as turn plowing.

Treatment
new stubble‐mulch plowing techniquee0
Outcome
seedbede0
Direction
as loose ase0
Comparator
turn plowinge0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“the new stubble‐mulch plowing technique produced a seedbed as loose as that obtained by turn plowing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 752–852 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Improved stubble-mulch plowing conserved moisture via crop residues.

Treatment
new stubble‐mulch plowing techniquee1
Outcome
moisture conservatione0
Qualifier
concentration of crop residues on the surfacee0

Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0

“resulted in moisture conservation through concentration of crop residues on the surface”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 862–949 · show in text ↑
e1

“Soil penetrometer and moisture data showed that the new stubble‐mulch plowing technique produced a seedbed as loose as that obtained by turn plowing and also resulted in moisture conservation through concentration of crop residues on the surface”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 704–949 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Disking appeared to produce a seedbed harder to penetrate.

Treatment
diskinge0
Outcome
seedbed more difficult to penetratee0
Direction
more difficulte0

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Verbatim

e0

“disking resulted in a seedbed more difficult to penetrate with the penetrometer”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 997–1076 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Disking appeared to cause inefficient crop use of moisture and excessive evaporation.

Treatment
diskinge1
Outcome
moisture was used inefficiently for crop production and lost by excessive evaporatione0

Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0

“moisture was used inefficiently for crop production and lost by excessive evaporation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1101–1186 · show in text ↑
e1

“At the same time, there were indications that disking resulted in a seedbed more difficult to penetrate with the penetrometer and also one from which moisture was used inefficiently for crop production and lost by excessive evaporation regardless of the presence of a residue mulch.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 951–1233 · show in text ↑