Abstract
Spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is a major crop in the northern Great Plains that is generally grown following a 21‐mo fallow period. A 12‐yr study was conducted to determine the effects of tillage system [conventional‐till (CT), minimum‐till (MT), and no‐till (NT)], N fertilizer rate (34, 67, and 101 kg N ha −1 ), and cultivar (Butte86 and Stoa) on spring wheat yields within a dryland spring wheat (SW)–winter wheat (WW)–sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) (SF) rotation. Grain yield responses varied with tillage system, N fertilizer rate, cultivar, and year as indicated by significant tillage × N rate × year and N rate × cultivar × year interactions. In years with >260 mm total plant available water (TPAW) but <400 mm TPAW, NT grain yields were greater than those with CT at the highest N rate, with similar trends at the medium and low N rates. When TPAW exceeded 400 mm, grain yields for CT were generally greater than for NT at the medium N rates. The greatest 12‐yr average grain yield (1727 kg ha −1 ) was obtained with NT and application of 101 kg N ha −1 . Grain yields were lowest during years when TPAW was <300 mm, with only small responses to tillage and N treatments. Cultivars responded similarly to N fertilization in years with >300 mm TPAW, with Butte86 yielding more than Stoa in 6 out of the 12 yr. Soil NO 3 –N levels increased in the root zone following three consecutive drought years, but had declined to initial year levels by the end of the study. These results indicate that farmers in the northern Great Plains can produce SW following SF in annual cropping systems that do not include a fallow period, particularly if NT or MT systems are used with adequate N fertilization.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Yield response varied with tillage, nitrogen, cultivar, and year.
- Taxon
- Spring Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- tillage systeme0
- Outcome
- Grain yield responsese0
- Direction
- variede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield responses varied with tillage system, N fertilizer rate, cultivar, and year as indicated by significant tillage × N rate × year and N rate × cultivar × year interactions”
t0“Spring Wheat Response”
Claim · model-written summary
No till yielded more than conventional till under intermediate available water at high nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- >260 mm total plant available water (TPAW) but <400 mm TPAWe0
- Comparator
- CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In years with >260 mm total plant available water (TPAW) but <400 mm TPAW, NT grain yields were greater than those with CT at the highest N rate”
t0“Spring Wheat Response”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional till generally yielded more above 400 mm TPAW.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CTe0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- NTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When TPAW exceeded 400 mm, grain yields for CT were generally greater than for NT at the medium N rates”
t0“Spring Wheat Response”
Claim · model-written summary
The greatest average yield was 1727 kg ha −1 with NT and 101 kg N ha −1.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NT and application of 101 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Value
- 1727 kg ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest 12‐yr average grain yield (1727 kg ha −1 ) was obtained with NT and application of 101 kg N ha −1”
t0“Spring Wheat Response”
Claim · model-written summary
Yields were lowest under 300 mm TPAW.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Grain yieldse0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields were lowest during years when TPAW was <300 mm, with only small responses to tillage and N treatments”
t0“Spring Wheat Response”
Claim · model-written summary
Butte86 yielded more than Stoa in six of twelve years.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Butte86e0
- Outcome
- yieldinge0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 6 out of the 12 yre0
- Comparator
- Stoae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Butte86 yielding more than Stoa in 6 out of the 12 yr”
t0“Spring Wheat Response”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil nitrate rose after drought years then returned to initial levels.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Soil NO 3 –N levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil NO 3 –N levels increased in the root zone following three consecutive drought years, but had declined to initial year levels by the end of the study”
t0“Spring Wheat Response”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmers can grow spring wheat after sunflower without fallow with adequate management.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- produce SW following SF in annual cropping systems that do not include a fallow periode0
- Setting
- northern Great Plainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“farmers in the northern Great Plains can produce SW following SF in annual cropping systems that do not include a fallow period, particularly if NT or MT systems are used with adequate N fertilization”
t0“Spring Wheat Response”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1,115 papers in the same direction as this paper · 257 in the opposite direction · 41 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
1,410 papers more in this group
See all 1,414 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.