Abstract
Abstract In dry land agriculture, intensity and type of weed pressure depend upon the rainfall pattern during the crop season. A two year field study was conducted to determine the effect of time of weed removal in clusterbean ( Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.). Treatments consisting of weed removal at 10, 20, 30,40 and 50 days after sowing were compared with clean weeded and unweeded controls. The xerophytic weeds Gisekia pharnacioides (L.) M., Mollugo cerviana (L.) Ser. and Tribulus terrestris L. dominated in the low and erratic 1993 rainfall season while grassy weeds such as Eragrostis pilosa (Beauv) were predominant in the 1994 season with well‐distributed rainfall. The number of weeds was maximum at 30 days after sowing (DAS) in 1993 and at 40 DAS in 1994. The dry weight of weeds increased up to 50 DAS in 1993 and up to harvest in 1994. Removing weeds at 20 or 30 DAS increased the number of pods per plant, water use efficiency and seed yield of clusterbean. Water consumption was higher in unweeded plots. Water use efficiency decreased with the increase in time of weed removal beyond 20 days after crop sowing.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Three xerophytic weed species dominated in the low-rainfall 1993 season.
- Taxon
- clusterbean
Cyamopsis tetragonolobat0 - Interactor
- Gisekia pharnacioides
Gisekia pharnaceoidese0weed - Outcome
- xerophytic weedse0
- Qualifier
- Mollugo cerviana (L.) Ser. and Tribulus terrestris L.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The xerophytic weeds Gisekia pharnacioides (L.) M., Mollugo cerviana (L.) Ser. and Tribulus terrestris L. dominated in the low and erratic 1993 rainfall season”
t0“clusterbean”
Claim · model-written summary
Eragrostis pilosa predominated in the well-watered 1994 season.
- Taxon
- clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Interactor
- Eragrostis pilosa
Eragrostis pilosae0weed - Outcome
- grassy weedse0
- Qualifier
- 1994 seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grassy weeds such as Eragrostis pilosa (Beauv) were predominant in the 1994 season with well‐distributed rainfall”
t0“clusterbean”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed number peaked at 30 DAS in 1993.
- Taxon
- clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Outcome
- number of weedse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 30 days after sowinge0
- Setting
- 1993e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of weeds was maximum at 30 days after sowing (DAS) in 1993”
t0“clusterbean”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed number peaked at 40 DAS in 1994.
- Taxon
- clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Outcome
- number of weedse1
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 40 DASe0
- Setting
- 1994e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and at 40 DAS in 1994”
e1“The number of weeds was maximum at 30 days after sowing (DAS) in 1993”
t0“clusterbean”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed dry weight rose through 50 DAS in 1993.
- Taxon
- clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Outcome
- dry weight of weedse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 50 DASe0
- Setting
- 1993e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The dry weight of weeds increased up to 50 DAS in 1993”
t0“clusterbean”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed dry weight rose through harvest in 1994.
- Taxon
- clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Outcome
- dry weight of weedse1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Setting
- 1994e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and up to harvest in 1994”
e1“The dry weight of weeds increased up to 50 DAS in 1993”
t0“clusterbean”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed removal at 20 or 30 DAS raised pod number.
- Taxon
- clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Treatment
- Removing weeds at 20 or 30 DASe0
- Outcome
- number of pods per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Removing weeds at 20 or 30 DAS increased the number of pods per plant, water use efficiency and seed yield of clusterbean”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed removal at 20 or 30 DAS raised water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Treatment
- Removing weeds at 20 or 30 DASe0
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Removing weeds at 20 or 30 DAS increased the number of pods per plant, water use efficiency and seed yield of clusterbean”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed removal at 20 or 30 DAS raised seed yield.
- Taxon
- clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Treatment
- Removing weeds at 20 or 30 DASe0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Removing weeds at 20 or 30 DAS increased the number of pods per plant, water use efficiency and seed yield of clusterbean”
Claim · model-written summary
Water consumption was higher in unweeded plots.
- Taxon
- clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- unweeded plotse0
- Outcome
- Water consumptione0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water consumption was higher in unweeded plots”
t0“clusterbean”
Claim · model-written summary
Later weed removal beyond 20 days lowered water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- time of weed removale0
- Outcome
- Water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- beyond 20 days after crop sowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water use efficiency decreased with the increase in time of weed removal beyond 20 days after crop sowing”
t0“clusterbean”