Abstract
Abstract Fifteen sequences of sunlight exposure and exclusion were imposed on fruit of ‘Granny Smith’ apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) by covering individual fruit with opaque paper bags. Fruit were harvested at commercial maturity and fruit background colour, blush, soluble solids concentration, flesh firmness, and starch pattern index were measured. The following year, seven of the same sequences were repeated and fruit colour was measured at 10‐day intervals beginning from fruit drop until commercial harvest. A strong linear relationship between fruit colour lightness and hue (visually perceived colour) was evident in both years. Fruit became lighter as greenness decreased while an increasing yellowness only slightly increased lightness. Longer durations of light exclusion resulted in lighter coloured fruit, but for a given duration of shading, fruit exposed 1 month before harvest were lighter than fruit which remained shaded until harvest. All fruit became lighter in colour with time, although the rate at which fruit became paler was increased by profound shading. The incidence and severity of blush was highest on fruit from which light had been excluded for more than 2 months and then re‐exposed 1 to 2 months before harvest. Exclusion of light depressed the soluble solids concentration slightly, although flesh firmness and starch index were unaffected.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Longer durations of light exclusion produced lighter coloured apple fruit.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica
Malus domesticae0 - Treatment
- light exclusione1
- Outcome
- coloured fruite1
- Direction
- lightere1
- Qualifier
- Longer durationse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malus domestica Borkh.”
e1“Longer durations of light exclusion resulted in lighter coloured fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit exposed one month before harvest was lighter than fruit that remained shaded until harvest.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- fruit exposed 1 month before harveste2
- Outcome
- coloured fruite1
- Direction
- lightere2
- Qualifier
- for a given duration of shadinge2
- Comparator
- remained shaded until harveste2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malus domestica Borkh.”
e1“Longer durations of light exclusion resulted in lighter coloured fruit”
e2“for a given duration of shading, fruit exposed 1 month before harvest were lighter than fruit which remained shaded until harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
All apple fruit became lighter in colour with time.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- coloure3
- Direction
- lightere3
- Qualifier
- with timee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malus domestica Borkh.”
e3“All fruit became lighter in colour with time”
Claim · model-written summary
Profound shading increased the rate at which apple fruit became paler.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- profound shadinge4
- Outcome
- rate at which fruit became palere4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malus domestica Borkh.”
e4“although the rate at which fruit became paler was increased by profound shading”
Claim · model-written summary
Blush incidence and severity were highest on fruit shaded for more than 2 months and then re-exposed.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- light had been excluded for more than 2 monthse5
- Outcome
- incidence and severity of blushe5
- Direction
- higheste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malus domestica Borkh.”
e5“The incidence and severity of blush was highest on fruit from which light had been excluded for more than 2 months”
Claim · model-written summary
Light exclusion slightly depressed soluble solids concentration in apple fruit.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Exclusion of lighte6
- Outcome
- soluble solids concentratione6
- Direction
- depressede6
- Qualifier
- slightlye6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malus domestica Borkh.”
e6“Exclusion of light depressed the soluble solids concentration slightly”
Claim · model-written summary
Light exclusion left flesh firmness and starch index of apple fruit unaffected.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Exclusion of lighte6
- Outcome
- flesh firmness and starch indexe7
- Direction
- unaffectede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malus domestica Borkh.”
e6“Exclusion of light depressed the soluble solids concentration slightly”
e7“flesh firmness and starch index were unaffected”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit colour lightness and hue of apple fruit showed a strong linear relationship.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- linear relationship between fruit colour lightness and huee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malus domestica Borkh.”
e1“A strong linear relationship between fruit colour lightness and hue”
Claim · model-written summary
Lightness of apple fruit increased with increasing yellowness.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- lightnesse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- increasing yellownesse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malus domestica Borkh.”
e1“an increasing yellowness only slightly increased lightness”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple fruit became lighter as greenness decreased.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- Fruit became lightere1
- Direction
- lightere1
- Qualifier
- as greenness decreasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malus domestica Borkh.”
e1“Fruit became lighter as greenness decreased”
The same questions in other papers
light · quality: sugar starch · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.