Abstract
High temperatures during reproductive development alter kernel development and reduce yield and quality in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Understanding how temperature alters kernel formation will help the development of genetic approaches to enhance heat tolerance in this cereal. A relationship between kernel development and postanthesis cytokinin accumulation is well documented, but the effect of temperature on this relationship is not known. This study quantified the effects of a postanthesis temperature treatment (7 d at 35/25 °C day/night) on kernel development and cytokinin accumulation in a soft white winter wheat (c.v. Stephens). Kernels from control plants maintained at 25/15 °C accumulated zeatin, dihydrozeatin and their corresponding 9‐ribosides from 1 to 4 d postanthesis. Postanthesis kernel cytokinin accumulation was reduced by 50–80% by the temperature treatment. Kernel cytokinin content in control plants declined to baseline by 5 d postanthesis and remained at that level. Kernels from treated plants had a secondary peak of cytokinin accumulation 6–8 d after anthesis. This treatment significantly reduced kernel weight. The magnitude of the effect on kernel number was smaller than on kernel weight, but was statistically significant. Reduced kernel weight was accompanied by reduced cytokinin accumulation. Exogenous cytokinins did not mitigate the temperature effects on kernel weight, but at the highest concentrations, did reduce the effect on kernel number.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Control kernels accumulated zeatin, dihydrozeatin and their ribosides from days 1 to 4.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- Kernelse0
- Outcome
- zeatin, dihydrozeatin and their corresponding 9‐ribosidese0
- Qualifier
- 1 to 4 d postanthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kernels from control plants maintained at 25/15 °C accumulated zeatin, dihydrozeatin and their corresponding 9‐ribosides from 1 to 4 d postanthesis.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat reduced postanthesis kernel cytokinin accumulation by 50–80%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- temperature treatmente0
- Outcome
- Postanthesis kernel cytokinin accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 50–80%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Postanthesis kernel cytokinin accumulation was reduced by 50–80% by the temperature treatment.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Control kernel cytokinin content declined to baseline by day 5 and stayed there.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Kernel cytokinin contente0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Qualifier
- by 5 d postanthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kernel cytokinin content in control plants declined to baseline by 5 d postanthesis and remained at that level.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated kernels had a secondary cytokinin accumulation peak 6–8 days after anthesis.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- secondary peak of cytokinin accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- 6–8 d after anthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kernels from treated plants had a secondary peak of cytokinin accumulation 6–8 d after anthesis.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The temperature treatment significantly reduced kernel weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- This treatmente0
- Outcome
- kernel weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This treatment significantly reduced kernel weight.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment significantly affected kernel number, with a smaller effect than on weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- temperature treatmente1
- Outcome
- kernel numbere0
- Comparator
- kernel weighte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The magnitude of the effect on kernel number was smaller than on kernel weight, but was statistically significant.”
e1“Postanthesis kernel cytokinin accumulation was reduced by 50–80% by the temperature treatment.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced kernel weight accompanied reduced cytokinin accumulation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Compound
- cytokinine0
- Outcome
- kernel weighte0
- Direction
- Reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced kernel weight was accompanied by reduced cytokinin accumulation.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous cytokinins did not mitigate the heat effect on kernel weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Exogenous cytokininse0
- Outcome
- kernel weighte0
- Direction
- did not mitigatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous cytokinins did not mitigate the temperature effects on kernel weight”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At the highest concentrations, exogenous cytokinins reduced the heat effect on kernel number.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Exogenous cytokininse1
- Outcome
- kernel numbere0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Qualifier
- at the highest concentrationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at the highest concentrations, did reduce the effect on kernel number.”
e1“Exogenous cytokinins did not mitigate the temperature effects on kernel weight”
t0“wheat”
The same questions in other papers
class · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
99 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
113 papers more in this group
See all 117 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.